God, Gold, & Glory The Age of European Exploration & Expansion
Motives The 3 G’s God religious fervor convert natives Gold expand trade - esp. spices & precious metals profit Glory adventure power national pride
Means Mid-1400s European monarchs had MORE: Power Resources Advanced technology
Portugal Early leader Sailed eastward --> India (spice trade)
Vasco da Gama Cape of Good Hope Secured control of spice trade Took from Muslims HUGE $$$
Prince Henry the Navigator Instrumental Patronage led to major technological advances
Spain Sailed westward Seeking route --> Asia Spain Portugal
Christopher Columbus Earth not so big Queen Isabella (Spain) 4 voyages - all end up in the Caribbean
Ferdinand Magellan st to circumnavigate the globe (sort of)
Spain in the Americas Conquistadors - the Spanish conquerors of the Americas “Gifts” from Spain “Gifts” from Spain Slavery Disease Death
Encomienda System Aztec & Inca civilizations destroyed Spanish control Subjects of Queen Encomienda - the right of landowners to use Native Americans as laborers Protection - required but not followed
Columbian Exchange The exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas Europe --> Americas Horses, cattle, & wheat Americas --> Europe Potatoes, cocoa, corn, tomatoes, & tobacco Transformed economic activity
European Rivals Dutch French British
The Main Idea… How did the presence of the Europeans in the “New World” impact the indigenous populations in a positive way? In a negative way?
The trans-Atlantic slave trade was the trade of African people supplied to the colonies of the “New World" that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
Locate: Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Africa & the Americas
Africa Europe The Americas Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Slave Trade Began in the 1500s What purpose did the trans-Atlantic slave trade serve?
The Atlantic Slave Trade Purpose: To fill the need for labor in Spain’s American empire Eventually provided labor for British and French colonies in the Americas
Triangular Trade What is triangular trade?
Triangular Trade Hint: It is not the trading of triangles… Hey! Sweet triangle dude! Want to trade it for a chicken leg?
Triangular Trade Triangular trade is trade between three ports or regions. Most famous: West Africa, the Americas, and Europe
The Middle Passage The Middle Passage was the sea lane west from Africa that carried abducted or recently purchased African slaves.
The Middle Passage month journey (weather dependent) Estimated 11+ million Africans A month cruise sounds good, right?
Middle Passage Problems: Overcrowding Disease Brutal, inhuman treatment Many died due to poor conditions Dysentery Scurvy Starvation Smallpox
Packing Instructions: This showed ship owners how to most efficiently pack his ship with slaves. This was all below deck – no windows, no bathrooms, little to no food or water, and they were all shackled. Imagine being like that for 1-6 months. It’s no wonder many slaves chose to commit suicide by jumping ship…a death by drowning seemed kinder than a middle passage cruise into a life of slavery