Why 1750? Why 1900 Industrialization begins Prelude to WW1

Theme 1 Power balance shifts to the west Europe World

Theme 2 Changes in the World Economy

Theme 3 New Cores Emerge

Theme 4 Key Internal Developments

French Revolution Revolution of a middle class

3 Classes or Estates in France First Estate: The Church

Second Estate: King and Queen and The Nobility 3 Classes or Estates in France

Third Estate: 3 Classes or Estates in France Remainder of Population Middle Class Wealthy Educated Professionals Lowest Class Poor Peasants City workers

Q. What can you infer from the pie graphs on why a revolution occurred in France? 3 Estate 1 Estate2 Estate 1 Estate 3 Estate 2 Estate 3 Estate

1. Economic gap between 3 classes or estates in France Long Term Causes 2. Unfair Tax System

Long Term Causes 3. Political inequalities for a frustrated Middle Class First Estate Second Estate Third Estate X X 1 Vote total X= Representative in the Estates General (French Parliament

Why Revolt in 1789? Immediate Causes 1. Enlightenment Period

2. Poor leadership of last 2 monarchs Immediate Causes

3. Financial Crisis

4. American Revolution Immediate Causes Why?

Phases of the French Revolution 1. Moderate Phase Goal: Create Constitutional Monarch Method: Peaceful Protests, meetings Result: New Constitution, New set of liberties, limited monarch, noble privileges abolished

2. Radical Phase Phases of the French Revolution Goal: Create a republic, Strengthen military Method: “Remove” king/ nobility, use terror/violence, raise a “citizen” army Results: Mass executions, largest army in Europe

3. Conservative or Reactionary Phase Phases of the French Revolution Goal: Restore peace/order Method: Quick takeover of power by Napoleon (coup de etat) Result: Creation of Empire system—One ruler

Information I did not know about… Napoleon Bonaparte m/watch?v=tfHnwqtJT 9U

The Rise of Napoleon Why??? 1. Product of French Revolution 2. Talented general who became a national hero 3. Joins coup that takes over Directory 4. Middle Class Corsican Rise through talent Military Victories Restored order in Paris (Corrupt govt.) Manipulates into becoming emperor -Coronation: Officially crowned by Pope in Paris -”Took” the crown from the pope in ceremony

D. Equal opportunities for government positions E. Equalized Taxes for all Frenchmen F. Women’s rights were taken away G. Invasion of Russia cripples French Army K. Created National Bank to handle debt L. Citizens no longer enjoy freedom of speech/press I. Spread ideas of revolution (equality and nationalism) to rest of Europeans J. Created uniform code of laws (Civic Code) including a recognition of religious freedom C. First Government run schools, known as lycees, provided education to all citizens regardless of class B. Debts problems returned later when a huge army was created H. Continental System, intended to block ports from British, stifled European trade A. Sent troops in to Spain to enforce policies led to bloody “Peninsular War”

Downfall Could not counter British navy Guerilla movements in Spain and Portugal Invasion of Russia Final defeat at Waterloo Battle of Trafalgar- Napoleon’s first defeat Winter and Size of Russia Moscow Paris Route of French Army After marching 2000 miles, army reached Moscow…turned a retreated back to France

Downfall Could not counter British navy Guerilla movements in Spain and Portugal Invasion of Russia Final defeat at Waterloo Battle of Trafalgar- Napoleon’s first defeat Winter and Size of Russia combined European armies-British and Prussians

Europe 1811 Shade: French Empire Controlled by Napoleon At war with Napoleon Europe 1815 Questions: What is the most significant difference between Europe in 1811 and Europe in 1815? What must have happened that accounts for this difference?

The Congress of Vienna Conservative Response

What to do with lands previously controlled by Napoleon? Problem:

Hold peace meetings in Vienna to redraw map of Europe: Congress of Vienna Solution: Von Metternich

Key Decisions Made Restored France to 1789 borders Territory added to Russia, Prussia, & Austria Creation of Belgium Creation of German Confederation

Goals : Keep France in Check Achieve balance of power Insure Legitimacy Von Metternich, 1815 “ When France Sneezes…Europe catches a cold”

Peace was maintained for half century Results Austria replaces France as center of diplomacy Forces Europeans into two competing philosophies: Conservatism v. Liberalism Contributes to nationalistic feelings

Liberalism Conservatism How Alike? Wealthy leaders Suspicious of the lowest classes ability to govern Goal was to gain or maintain power in government

Status in society View of Nationalism Attitude toward Modern living Comfort level with change How power is determined? Social Attitudes View of Congress of Vienna Middle Class Professionals ( wealth from industry)

A Liberalism: Written Constitution

B Conservatism: Monarchy rule

C Conservatism: Nobility

D Liberalism: Support efforts in Science

E Liberalism: Nationalism

Merchants/Professionals F Conservatism: Hierarchy/ Birthright

G Liberalism: Social Reforms

H Both: Wealthy Leaders