Posidonia oceanica, a usefull tool to biomonitor the pollution of Mediterranean coastal areas by trace elements J. Richir, R. Biondo, J.-M. Bouquegneau, S. Gobert. Bruxelles

Introduction INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Trace elements Ecotoxicology pollution bioindicators = organisms accumulating pollutants to levels representative of their habitat pollution status. P. oceanica M. galloprovincialis

Introduction INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Trace elements Ecotoxicology pollution bioindicators = organisms accumulating pollutants to levels representative of their habitat pollution status. P. oceanica M. galloprovincialis

Introduction INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Trace elements Ecotoxicology biomonitoring TECdPbCuZnCrFeNi # ref TEAsSeAgCoMnAl # ref TEBeBiVMoSnSb # ref  [TEs] in Posidonia oceanica - baselines  spatial variation - contamination sources  kinetics - accumulation vs. excretion  tissue speciation - preferential accumulation routes  plant physiology / seasonality vs. [TEs] Objectives:

Stations PACA-Corsican coasts EXAMPLE1EXAMPLE1

Bi - 18 stations PACA-Corsican coasts EXAMPLE1EXAMPLE1

H9-H1H9-H1 Bi - Ajaccio EXAMPLE2EXAMPLE2

RESULTSRESULTS H9-H1H9-H1 EXAMPLE2EXAMPLE2 H9 H8 H7 H6 H5 H3 H2 H1 H4

H9H9 H8H8 H7H7 H6H6 H5H5 H3H3 H2H2 H1H1 H4H4 Bi - Ajaccio EXAMPLE2EXAMPLE2

In situ TE contamination 6 days of contamination; 15 TEs (Pb, Co, Ag, Al, Mn, etc.); 410L bell-shaped mesocosm; Contamination every 12 hours (9am-9pm); 15 days of decontamination. EXAMPLE3EXAMPLE3

In situ TE contamination EXAMPLE3EXAMPLE3

EXAMPLE3EXAMPLE3 Pb kinetics

limb ligula leaf base (petiole) ED CB A root leaf base stipule scale rhizome (A) shoot of leaves on a plagiotropic rhizome; (B, C) adult leaves; (D) intermediate leaf ; (E) juvenile leaf (Libes and Boudouresque,1987). plagiotropic shoot orthotropic shoot rhizome blade roots Tissue compartmentalization

1. V 2. Zn Hypotheses:  water column accumulation  residence time  dilution effect SAL BAL IL 18,7 ± 5,8 157 ± 7 Tissue compartmentalization - leaves EXAMPLE4EXAMPLE4

Above- vs. bellow-ground tissues EXAMPLE5EXAMPLE5

EXAMPLE6EXAMPLE6 Plant physiology - shoot weight vs. V

[TEs] in Posidonia oceanica  spatial variation - contamination sources - baselines e.g. Bi : PACA-Corsican coasts and Ajaccio Bay  kinetics - accumulation vs. excretion e.g. Pb  tissue speciation - preferential accumulation routes e.g. V, Zn  plant physiology / seasonality vs. [TEs] e.g. V vs. shoot weight CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS Thank you for your attention

Introduction INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Geophysicochemistry Ecology Trace elements Ecotoxicology fluxes; spatial distribution; speciation, balances, … adverse effects; pollution, … ecosystems; organisms. flickr.com newsvine.comcorsematin.com

Analytical steps: homogeneous sample acidic digestion in a microwave oven measures :  inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer MATERIAL-METHODSMATERIAL-METHODS Laboratory analyses Ethos D ELAN DRCII adult leaves shoots 1/6/9 Calvi