Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Cellular Respiration Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Section 2 Aerobic Respiration

Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 Objectives Difference between breathing and cellular respiration. Describe the major events in glycolysis (part of respiration). Compare lactic acid fermentation with alcoholic fermentation (respiration without oxygen).

Photosynthesis-Cellular Respiration Cycle Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 Photosynthesis-Cellular Respiration Cycle

I. Harvesting Chemical Energy Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 I. Harvesting Chemical Energy Breathing is the process of multicellular organisms bring O2 into the body and removing CO2 from the body through lungs, skin or gills. This assist the process of cellular respiration. A mechanical issue that diffuses gases for the cell. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down organic compounds to produce ATP. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular respiration to make CO2 and water from organic compounds and O2.

I. Harvesting Chemical Energy Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 I. Harvesting Chemical Energy Breathing Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down organic compounds to produce ATP. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular Respiration start with GLYCOLYSIS: Occurs in the cytoplasm Breaks down glucose (C6) into pyruvate (2 C3) Gives off electrons and H+ picked up by 2NAD+ to become 2NADH. Also releases a little energy in the form of 2ATP.

Glycolysis NADH Chapter 7 Glycolysis Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 Glycolysis Glycolysis NADH

I. Harvesting Chemical Energy Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 I. Harvesting Chemical Energy Breathing Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down organic compounds to produce ATP. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular Respiration start with GLYCOLYSIS: Next Stage is determined by OXYGEN: Anaerobic Cellular Respiration uses no __________ and is also called __________________ Aerobic Cellular Respiration uses ___________

I. Harvesting Chemical Energy Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 I. Harvesting Chemical Energy Breathing Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down organic compounds to produce ATP. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular Respiration start with GLYCOLYSIS: Next Stage is determined by OXYGEN: FERMENTATION Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Chapter 7 a. Fermentation Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 a. Fermentation If oxygen is not present, some cells can convert pyruvic acid (2 C3) into other compounds through additional biochemical pathways that occur in the cytoplasm. Fermentation does not produce ATP, but it does regenerate NAD+, which allows for the continued production of ATP through glycolysis. Two types of Fermentation LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION

Chapter 7 a. Fermentation If oxygen is not present Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 a. Fermentation If oxygen is not present Fermentation does not produce ATP Two types of Fermentation LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION - an enzyme converts pyruvic acid (2 C3) into another three-carbon compound, called lactic acid (2 C3) . Humans = muscle cramps ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION - Some plants and unicellular organisms, such as yeast, convert pyruvic acid (2 C3) into ethyl alcohol (2 C2) and CO2 gas is released.

Two Types of Fermentation Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 Two Types of Fermentation

Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Cellular Respiration Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Glycolysis – breaks down glucose to pyruvate -produced 2 ATP, and 2NADH Fermentation occurs without oxygen present -Lactic Acid and Alcoholic Fermentation Section 2 Aerobic Respiration

Chapter 7 Objectives Section 2 Aerobic Respiration Relate aerobic respiration to the structure of a mitochondrion. Summarize the events of the Krebs cycle. Summarize the events of the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. Calculate the efficiency of aerobic respiration. Contrast the roles of glycolysis and aerobic respiration in cellular respiration.

Cellular Respiration (Aerobic) = process that cells use to produce ATP by breaking down glucose or other food molecules.    

II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION In eukaryotic cells, the processes of aerobic respiration occur in the mitochondria. Aerobic respiration only occurs if oxygen is present in the cell. Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm Two more Stages (Total of three stages for aerobic respiration) KREB’S Cycle: matrix of the mitochondria Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae.

Three Main Stages of Cellular Respiration

II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION In eukaryotic cells Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm Two more Stages (Total of three stages for aerobic respiration) KREB’S Cycle: matrix of the mitochondria Uses Pyruvate (2 C3) and releases 2 CO2 to make Acetyl Co A (2 C2). The Acetyl CoA (2 C2) combines with a two carbon four molecules to make citric acid (2 C6) Through a series of reactions, 6 NADH released, 2 ATP released, 2 FADH2 and 4 CO2 released.

Preparing for Kreb’s Cycle

Kreb's Review

Three Main Stages of Cellular Respiration

II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION In eukaryotic cells Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm Two more Stages (Total of three stages for aerobic respiration) KREB’S Cycle: matrix of the mitochondria Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae. 1) High-energy electrons in hydrogen atoms from NADH and FADH2 are passed from molecule to molecule in the electron transport chain. 2) Protons (hydrogen ions, H+) are also given up by NADH and FADH2.

II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae. 1) High-energy electrons in hydrogen atoms from NADH and FADH2 are passed from molecule to molecule in the electron transport chain. 2) Protons (hydrogen ions, H+) are also given up by NADH and FADH2. 3) Electrons move through the ETC, they lose energy. This energy pumps protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space.

Section 2 Aerobic Respiration Chapter 7

II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae. 4) High concentration of protons creates a concentration gradient of protons and a charge gradient 5) Protons move through ATP synthase and down their concentration and electrical gradients, ATP is produced. 6) Oxygen combines with the electrons and protons to form water.

Section 2 Aerobic Respiration Chapter 7 ETC Review

Cellular Respiration (Aerobic) = process that cells use to produce ATP by breaking down glucose or other food molecules.    

II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION In eukaryotic cells Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm Two more Stages: KREB’S Cycle and ETC Efficiency of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration can produce up to 38 ATP molecules from the oxidation of a single molecule of glucose. Most eukaryotic cells produce about 36 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose. Thus, cellular respiration is nearly 20 times more efficient than glycolysis alone.

Cellular Respiration (Aerobic) = process that cells use to produce ATP by breaking down glucose or other food molecules.    

Chapter 7 Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Cellular Respiration Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Glycolysis Fermentation Section 2 Aerobic Respiration Kreb’s Cycle ETC and Chemiosmosis

Aerobic Cellular Respiration Vs. Fermentation Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 Aerobic Cellular Respiration Vs. Fermentation

Chapter 7 Comparing Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Chapter 7 Comparing Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept