Powerpoint Templates Page 1 The Civil War Ends

Powerpoint Templates Page 2 Total War General Ulysses S. Grant commander of the UnionGeneral Ulysses S. Grant named commander of the Union army in March 1864 Grant’s strategyGrant’s strategy –Pursue Lee in Virginia –General Sherman push to the Atlantic Sherman uses total warSherman uses total war to cut a path 60 miles wide and 300 miles long through Georgia aids in Lincoln’s victory in the election of 1864 –His success aids in Lincoln’s victory in the election of 1864 –Breaks the spirit of the South

BattleDateStateLeaders N/S V & I The Wilderness May 4 – 6, 1864 VirginiaGrant Lee Confederate victory, but Union did not retreat and kept pressing Lee

Powerpoint Templates Page 7 Wilderness Wilderness Campaign Both forces fought in a mangle of trees and brushBoth forces fought in a mangle of trees and brush –So thick it was difficult to see each other Union lost 17,000 menUnion lost 17,000 men –Grant vowed not to retreat June 1864, at Petersburg they dug trenches and fought for 10 monthsJune 1864, at Petersburg they dug trenches and fought for 10 months On April 3, 1865 the Union took Richmond, the Confederate capitalOn April 3, 1865 the Union took Richmond, the Confederate capital –Confederates attempted to burn it

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BattleDateStateLeaders N/S Victor & importance of outcomeAtlantaJuly 16 – Sept 2, 1864 GeorgiaSherman Hood total war Union captured the “heart of the South” launched the “march to the sea” leading to total war

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Powerpoint Templates Page 14 Lincoln’s 2 nd Inauguration March 4, 1865March 4, 1865 –Cold, windy, rainy day in Washington, D.C. Lincoln spoke in front of the Capital buildingLincoln spoke in front of the Capital building –Dome was complete John Wilkes Booth was an invited guestJohn Wilkes Booth was an invited guest Recalled the major cause of warRecalled the major cause of war Vowed to restore peace & unityVowed to restore peace & unity “With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan--to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.”

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“There is nothing left for me to do but go & see General Grant, & I would rather die a thousand deaths.” CONFEDERATE LINES BREAK ON APRIL 2, 1865 LEE RETREATS WEST OF RICHMOND UNION BLOCKED HIS ESCAPE ROUTE

BattleDateStateLeaders N/S V & I Appomattox Courthouse (surrender) April 9, 1865 VirginiaGrant Lee Lee signs the Unions terms of surrender; Confederates were allowed to return home with property (except weapons) Main Battles -Review

Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, April 9, 1965

Lee surrendered to Grant Confederates sent home without weapons Jefferson Davis is captured & the war officially ends Jefferson Davis is captured on May 10 & the war officially ends “I felt like anything rather than rejoicing at the downfall of a foe who had fought so long and valiantly…though [the cause]…[was] one of the worst for which a people ever fought, and one which there was the least excuse. I do not question the sincerity of the great mass of those who were opposed to us.”

Powerpoint Templates Page 20 Cost of the War Deadliest war in US historyDeadliest war in US history –620,000 dead –535,000 wounded 3,000,000 served3,000,000 served –About 10% of the population North & South combined spent more than 5 times the spent in the previous 8 DECADESNorth & South combined spent more than 5 times the spent in the previous 8 DECADES Casualties UnionConfederacy Death from wounds 110,07094,000 Death from disease 249,458164,000 Total death rate 23 percent24 percent Wounded275, ,000 (approx.) Economic Costs Federal loans and taxes to finance the war totaled $2.6 billion = $36.5 billion today Federal debt on June 30, 1865 rose to $2.7 billion = almost $37 billion today Confederate debt ran over $700 million = $9 billion today Union inflation reached 179% by 1865 Confederate inflation rose to 9,000%

Powerpoint Templates Page 21 Constitutional Amendment Union Army marched through the South & released slavesUnion Army marched through the South & released slaves –The officers read the Emancipation Proclamation at each plantation Jan – Lincoln urged Congress to end slaveryJan – Lincoln urged Congress to end slavery 13 th Amendment passed in th Amendment passed in 1865 –Ended slavery in America –By year’s end, 27 states ratified –8 in the South ratified it

Powerpoint Templates Page 22 Lincoln Assassinated Lincoln shot 5 days after the surrenderLincoln shot 5 days after the surrender –While watching a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. by a Confederate supporter, John Wilkes BoothHe’s shot by a Confederate supporter, John Wilkes Booth –Booth jumped onto the stage and escaped –Broke his leg in the process

Powerpoint Templates Page 23 Lincoln’s Assassination Secretary of State William Seward was stabbedSecretary of State William Seward was stabbed –He later recovered Vice President Andrew Johnson was supposed to be assassinatedVice President Andrew Johnson was supposed to be assassinated Booth was tracked & killedBooth was tracked & killed The other conspirators were hanged or imprisonedThe other conspirators were hanged or imprisoned

Powerpoint Templates Page 24 Assassination Aftermath Lincoln died the next morningLincoln died the next morning –The bullet could not be removed from his brain –First president to be assassinated Vice Pres. Andrew Johnson was sworn in as the 17 th President of the U.S.Vice Pres. Andrew Johnson was sworn in as the 17 th President of the U.S. Funeral procession for President Lincoln Victory parade after the surrender

Powerpoint Templates Page 25 Causes Immediate Immediate Effects Conflict over slavery in the territories Abolition of slavery Economic differences between the North & South Devastation of the South Failure of Congress to compromise Reconstruction of South Election of Lincoln as president Long-Term Long-Term Effects Growth of industry Secession of Southern states Government more power Firing on Fort Sumter Nation reunited