Connection Between Cantos 3 and 4 In , Lord Kapila described devotees, who execute devotional service within and beyond the modes of material nature (transcendental)  ñ  Ignorance (ex: Dakña): Envious, proud, violent, angry, and separatist (sees his interest as separate from that of the Lord)   Passion (ex: Dhruva Mahäräja): Motive for material enjoyment, fame, opulence & separatist   Goodness (ex: Prthu Mahäräja): Worships and offers the result of his fruitive work to become free its resultant reactions  Ç  Transcendental (ex: Lord Çiva): Manifestation of unadulterated devotional service when one’s mind is fixed on hearing the transcendental name & qualities of the SPG 1

2 An Overview of Canto 4 Study

Unit 1: Dakña-yajna Chapters Lessons 1-5: Lord ñ Lessons 1-5: Lord Çiva, Sati, and Dakña   Sati, the youngest daughter of Dakña, insists upon attending her father’s yajna, despite being pre-warned by her husband, Lord Çiva of catastrophes because Dakña was very envious of him from the very beginning   Results—Sati had to give up her life, Dakña’s yajna ended up in shambles and he was killed, and cursing & counter-cursing that went in the assembly 3

Unit 2: Activities of Dhruva Mahäräja (Chapters 08-13) Lessons 6-10 Lessons 6-10 A. A. Dhruva Mahäräja attains the Lord; and B. B.Dhruva Mahäräja's reign & departure 4

Unit 3: Activities of Prthu Maharja (Chapters 14-23) Lessons Lessons A. A.The advent of Prthu Mahäräja & his maintenance of earth; and B. B.Prthu Mahäräja performs sacrifices and returns to Godhead 5

Unit 4: Activities of the Pracetäs: King Präcinabarhisat and King Puranjana (Chapters 24-31) Lessons Lessons A.Närada's instructions to King Präcinabarhisat--Puranjana allegory; and B.The activities of the Pracetäs— Lord iva's prayers B.The activities of the Pracetäs— Lord Çiva's prayers 6

7 Canto 4, Unit 1, Chapter 1 Genealogic al Table of the Daughters of Manu

8 Chapter 1: Sections Âküti Verses 1-10: The descendents of of Âküti ü Verses 11-47: Further descendents of Devahüti and Kardama Muni ü ñ Verses 48-66: The descendents of Prasüti and Dakña

9 Âküti Verses 1-10: The descendents of Âküti Maitreya Muni describes the descendents of Äküti, Devahüti and Prasüti, who are the three daughters Sväyambhuva Manu begot in his wife Çatarüpä. Maitreya Muni describes the descendents of Äküti, Devahüti and Prasüti, who are the three daughters Sväyambhuva Manu begot in his wife Çatarüpä. Äküti married Prajäpati Ruci, and they had two children, the incarnation of the Supreme Personality of Godhead named Yajïa, and a partial incarnation of Lakñmé named Dakñiëä. Yajïa was returned to Sväyambhuva Manu according to a prior arrangement—Putrikä- dharma Äküti married Prajäpati Ruci, and they had two children, the incarnation of the Supreme Personality of Godhead named Yajïa, and a partial incarnation of Lakñmé named Dakñiëä. Yajïa was returned to Sväyambhuva Manu according to a prior arrangement—Putrikä- dharma Yajïa, who later assumed the position of Indra, married Dakñiëä, and had twelve sons, the demigods known as Tuñitas. Yajïa, who later assumed the position of Indra, married Dakñiëä, and had twelve sons, the demigods known as Tuñitas.

10 ü Verses 11-47: Further descendents of Devahüti and Kardama Muni Kardama Muni begot nine daughters in Devahüti and all the daughters were later handed over to great sages like Maréci, Atri and Vasiñöha. Kardama Muni begot nine daughters in Devahüti and all the daughters were later handed over to great sages like Maréci, Atri and Vasiñöha. Anasüyä, Kardama’s daughter, was given to Atri Muni, who performed penance to get a son like the Supreme Lord. Atri Muni had no specific idea of the personality of the Supreme Lord. Anasüyä gave birth to three sons—Dattätreya, Durväsä, and Soma, who were partial representations of Viñëu, Çiva and Brahmä, respectively. Anasüyä, Kardama’s daughter, was given to Atri Muni, who performed penance to get a son like the Supreme Lord. Atri Muni had no specific idea of the personality of the Supreme Lord. Anasüyä gave birth to three sons—Dattätreya, Durväsä, and Soma, who were partial representations of Viñëu, Çiva and Brahmä, respectively. Maitreya continues describing the descendents of Kardama Muni— Anyone who hears the descriptions of this dynasty with faith will be relieved from all sinful reactions. Maitreya continues describing the descendents of Kardama Muni— Anyone who hears the descriptions of this dynasty with faith will be relieved from all sinful reactions.

11 üñ Verses 48-66: The descendents of Prasüti and Dakña Another of Manu's daughters, known as Prasüti, married the son of Brahmä named Dakña. Another of Manu's daughters, known as Prasüti, married the son of Brahmä named Dakña. Thirteen daughters of Dakña were given to Dharma. Dharma’s wife Mürti gave birth to Çré Nara-Näräyaëa, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is a partial expansion of Kåñëa, has now appeared in the dynasties of Yadu and Kuru, in the forms of Kåñëa and Arjuna respectively. Thirteen daughters of Dakña were given to Dharma. Dharma’s wife Mürti gave birth to Çré Nara-Näräyaëa, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is a partial expansion of Kåñëa, has now appeared in the dynasties of Yadu and Kuru, in the forms of Kåñëa and Arjuna respectively. Dakña’s 16th daughter, whose name was Saté, was the wife of Lord Çiva. She could not produce a child, although she always faithfully engaged in the service of her husband. Dakña’s 16th daughter, whose name was Saté, was the wife of Lord Çiva. She could not produce a child, although she always faithfully engaged in the service of her husband.

12 Chapter 1: Discussion Points Und The connection between Canto 3 and 4 An overview of Canto 4 Atri Muni not counted among the pure devotees (20) Atri Muni not counted among the pure devotees (20) M&M “I am engaged in this herculean task of writing commentary on Çrémad- Bhägavatam.” (1.1) “I am engaged in this herculean task of writing commentary on Çrémad- Bhägavatam.” (1.1)

13 Chapter 2 ñ Çiva Chapter 2 Dakña curses Lord Çiva

14 Chapter 2: Sections ñ Verses 1-19: Dakña leaves the sacrificial assembly in anger Verses 20-35: The cursing and counter- cursing went on in that assembly

15 ñ Verses 1-19: Dakña leaves the sacrificial assembly in anger Vidura inquired how is it possible that Dakña could be inimical towards such an auspicious personality as Lord Çiva? The sage Maitreya explained when Dakña, the leader of the Prajäpatis, entered the assembly of a great sacrifice, seeing his bodily luster, as bright as the effulgence of the sun, all the universal leaders present, except Lord Brahmä and Lord Çiva, stood in respect for Dakña. Dakña was very much offended to see Lord Çiva sitting and not showing him any respect. (Contd) Vidura inquired how is it possible that Dakña could be inimical towards such an auspicious personality as Lord Çiva? The sage Maitreya explained when Dakña, the leader of the Prajäpatis, entered the assembly of a great sacrifice, seeing his bodily luster, as bright as the effulgence of the sun, all the universal leaders present, except Lord Brahmä and Lord Çiva, stood in respect for Dakña. Dakña was very much offended to see Lord Çiva sitting and not showing him any respect. (Contd)

ñ Dakña leaves the sacrificial assembly in anger (Contd) Dakña angrily began to speak very strongly against Lord Çiva, criticizing him for failing to respectfully receive him, although as Dakña’s son-in-law, he should have done so. Judging Çiva by his external appearance, Dakña described him as shameless, duplicitous, uncivil, impure, dirty, mad and inauspicious. In a fury, Dakña cursed Lord Çiva to be bereft of his share of the oblations of the sacrifice. Finally, Dakña left the assembly in anger and returned to his home, in spite of the request of assembled members. Dakña angrily began to speak very strongly against Lord Çiva, criticizing him for failing to respectfully receive him, although as Dakña’s son-in-law, he should have done so. Judging Çiva by his external appearance, Dakña described him as shameless, duplicitous, uncivil, impure, dirty, mad and inauspicious. In a fury, Dakña cursed Lord Çiva to be bereft of his share of the oblations of the sacrifice. Finally, Dakña left the assembly in anger and returned to his home, in spite of the request of assembled members. 16

17 Verses 20-35: The cursing and counter-cursing went on in that assembly Nandéçvara cursed Dakña that he would soon have the face of a goat. He also cursed both Dakña and all the present there who had tolerated Dakña’s cursing Çiva, to be bereft of transcendental knowledge, to always remain attached to fruitive activities, to do their duties merely for the purpose of maintaining the body, and to be devoid of discrimination in eating. They will acquire money, begging from door to door, simply for the satisfaction of the body. (Contd) Nandéçvara cursed Dakña that he would soon have the face of a goat. He also cursed both Dakña and all the brähmaëas present there who had tolerated Dakña’s cursing Çiva, to be bereft of transcendental knowledge, to always remain attached to fruitive activities, to do their duties merely for the purpose of maintaining the body, and to be devoid of discrimination in eating. They will acquire money, begging from door to door, simply for the satisfaction of the body. (Contd)

The cursing and counter-cursing went on in that assembly (Contd) The sage Bhågu condemned the followers of Lord Çiva with this very strong brahminical curse: One who takes a vow to satisfy Lord Çiva will certainly become an atheist and be diverted from transcendental scriptural injunctions for auspicious advancement. They will imitate Lord Çiva by keeping long hair on their heads and living on wine, flesh etc. (Contd) The sage Bhågu condemned the followers of Lord Çiva with this very strong brahminical curse: One who takes a vow to satisfy Lord Çiva will certainly become an atheist and be diverted from transcendental scriptural injunctions for auspicious advancement. They will imitate Lord Çiva by keeping long hair on their heads and living on wine, flesh etc. (Contd) 18

The cursing and counter-cursing went on in that assembly (Contd) When such cursing and counter- cursing was going on, Lord Çiva became very morose and silently left the arena of the sacrifice, followed by his disciples. After completing the sacrifice the demigods bathed at the confluence of the Ganges and Yamunä and then departed for their respective abodes. When such cursing and counter- cursing was going on, Lord Çiva became very morose and silently left the arena of the sacrifice, followed by his disciples. After completing the sacrifice the demigods bathed at the confluence of the Ganges and Yamunä and then departed for their respective abodes. 19

20 Chapter 2: Discussion Points PrA Çambhu, Lord Çiva, is the greatest of all Vaiñëavas. (1-2, 14-15) Çambhu, Lord Çiva, is the greatest of all Vaiñëavas. (1-2, 14-15) PeA Dakña’s inolerance of Lord Çiva. (8- 18) Dakña’s inolerance of Lord Çiva. (8- 18) SC Cursing and countercursing that went on in that assembly (21-32)