Developed Psychoanalysis Focused on the Conscious and Subconscious mind. Coined: ego, id, superego Sigmund Freud

Ego/Super Ego/Id Ego: Conscious rational thought Superego: Moral, ethical and social- responsibility Id: unconscious thought, ‘driving force’ motivations…

Psychoanalysis/Psycho-dynamic Approach Focuses on finding the underlying causes of problems. Helps patients develop insight into problems Examines the past/ focuses on the past Has used hypnosis VERY VERY time consuming, and not used very often in therapy these days.

More… Relies heavily on the therapist. In fact, if the patient ever disagrees with the therapist, then it is considered “resistance to insight.” “Therapeutic transference” is where the patient blames the therapist for pain caused by someone else (most likely a parent.)

Carl Rogers Founder of Humanistic psychology Said that we have a cognitive view of our ‘self’, and that our ‘idealized self’ is a cognitive view of our goals and aspirations. Coined the term ‘actualizing tendency’

Humanistic Approach Provides an environment of openness, empathy, and unconditional positive regard Focuses on the individual’s ability to grow Person-centered therapy

Limitations of humanistic approach A) expressions of "feeling better" may not prove real improvement B) the encouragement therapists give may control the process C) the emphasis on verbal interaction is not always appropriate D) Therapists may control the process and ‘drive’ the person to say things that will give a positive response.

Mr. Smith is being treated by Freud, but he disagrees with Freud's interpretation of one of Mr. Smith's dreams. Freud would likely react to this by interpreting his reaction as a form of resistance to insight

After a year of therapy, Miss Johnson tells her psychoanalyst that he often seems to criticize her, much the way her father does. As a Freudian, the analyst would likely say she is showing normal therapeutic transference

Therapy based on the psychodynamic approach involves all of the following EXCEPT the therapist serving as a model for appropriate behaviour

Dr. Jones is a therapist who believes that the individual's perceptions rather than a classification system must be used in identifying abnormal behaviour. This suggests Dr. Jones favours the ______ approach. humanistic (stems from the cognitive approach)

A therapist who believes that abnormal behaviour is caused by factors which distort the individual's growth is most likely to favour the ________ approach. Humanist

Carl Rogers believed that the therapist's role in dealing with abnormal behaviour is to provide openness, empathy, and unconditional positive regard