Paramyxoviruses 副黏液病毒

Objectives How many types of viruses under paramyxovirus. How many serotypes of each virus? What is the status of Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase in each virus? Vaccine MMR is for what viruses? The pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of each virus. What drugs can be used to treat these viruses?

I. Classification Family: Paramyxoviridae genera: Morbillivirus --> Measles V. Paramyxovirus--> Parainfluenza V. & Mumps V. Pneumovirus --> Respiratory Syncytial V. (RSV)

Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase

RSV in MA104 cellRSV in Hep-2 cell Measles in kidney cell

Replication in cytoplasm Nucleus

II. Measles virus * Cause maculopapular rash( 班及丘疹 ) * Has hemagglutinin, no neuraminidase * One serotype

Measles SSPE: Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis 亞急性硬化泛腦炎 * Systemic infection

Epidemiology * One of the most infectious diseases * Occurred in Winter and Spring in preschool children * 85% infected cause disease; 4 million death before 5-year old each year * 1-3 years/ cycle * 1/1000 become encephalitis; 1/1 million become SSPE, (teenage and young adult)

Pathogenesis

Clinical Syndromes Fever--> Koplik's spot (marker for clinical diagnosis) --> rash

IV. Mumps viruses Cause parotitis, similar to parainfluenza virus infection With hemagglutinin and neuraminidase One serotype

Pathogenesis Humans are the only natural hosts. Mumps is a systemic viral disease. Nasal or upper respiratory tract epithelial cells --> viremia --> salivary glands (parotid gland) Difficult to control the transmission because of the various incubation periods ---> (7-25days).

Mumps virus * Systemic infection

Epidemiology Worldwide infection, occurred endemically in Winter or Spring. Incubation period is about one week 90% infected before age of 15 Aerosol or personal contact

Clinical Syndromes 1/3 subclinical; 95% of the patients with swelling of the salivary gland. Malaise and anorexia --> enlargement of parotid glands

Treatment, Prevention and Control No-antiviral treatment

III. Parainfluenza virus With hemagglutinin and neuraminidase 4 serotypes

Pathogenesis

Paramyxovirus

Clinical Syndromes Laryngitis, croup, tracheobronchitis and pneumonia Cause common cold: sneezing, nasal- obstruction or-discharge, sore throat, headache, mild cough, malaise, and chillness.

Epidemiology Newborn or children under 5 year old Occurred in Fall Hospital people may get infected

Treatment, Prevention and Control Hot steam, spread therapy (upper respiratory tract infection) No effective vaccine

Paramyxovirus in RhMK cells Hemadsorption Unfected cells

V. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Localized respiratory tract infection First discovered in chimpanzee without hemagglutinin, neuraminidase With glycoprotein and fusion protein

Pathogenesis

Respiratory syncytial virus

Clinical Syndromes Running nose

Epidemiology Occurred in Winter Spread through hands or aerosol

Treatment, Prevention and Control Treatment: drug--> ribavirin Prevention:prevent cross contamination Vaccine: NA