Islam and Geography Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved. Deserts Only a small __________ of _____________ land in ____________ of ____________ _____________ Few ___________ The rest is ____________ Bedouins _____________ who live in the desert Organized into tribes and _________ –Clans give ______________ and _______________ since they live in ______________ conditions –__________________ themselves from other __________ who wanted ____________, ____________ territory, ______________________ or food supplies Islamic Way of Life Bedouin _____________ –____________ –____________to family –Warrior _________ This would ____________ to _________________ way of __________. Trade Routes Many __________ __________ connected _____________ to major _________ and _________ trade _________ Extreme _________ of the peninsula –To the ______________ in the north –______________ ____________ went to the _________ __________ in the east –Transported _________ to the west Middle East & Islamic World

Mecca Located in ____________ _________ ________________ __________ on trade routes During _________ ____________, caravans stopped in Mecca and this brought ________________ pilgrims who came to _____________ at the_____________ Kaaba * Over the years many __________________ gods and ___________ were __________________ here Had over ________ idols brought by many _________

After Muhammad __________ some Muslims –__________________ to pay _________ –Tried to say they were __________________ themselves –Some tribes ________________ Islam In order to get things under ________________, Abu-Bakr used the ______________ to get ________________ Notes: The Spread Of Islam 100% Islam Muhammad dies in __________ Muslims now had to find a new _______________ Muhammad did _________ ______________ a _______________________ Crisis Solution Muslims chose _________ _________ who was a loyal _______________of ____________________ He became the first _____________ Caliph – (kay-lif) _______ ______________________ ______________________ Abu-Bakr Muslim State By the time Abu ____________, the Muslim state controlled _______ of _______________ Under the next 2 caliphs they took: –___________ –Lower ______________ –Parts of _________________ By ___________ they controlled from the __________________ Ocean to the _____________ River (2x the width of the ___________!!) Muslim Troops They were successful because they were –Willing to ________________ till the end for ______________ –Well _________________________ –Expertly ___________________ __________________ were not used to their style of __________________ Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved.

Byzantine and Persia The ______________________ and _______________ were already weak from long time _______________ The people _________________ Islam Treatment of Conquered People Muslims were _________________ of _________________ people The Quran forbids _________________ conversion –They let others keep their _________________ if they paid a __________ ________ –People who did not ___________________ were not allowed to ____________ their own ____________________ Internal Conflict The 2 __________ after Abu Bakr were __________ ________ their assassinations, the __________ system of __________ caliphs ________ Umayyads A __________ that came to power in 661 They set up a ___________ _________ of getting new __________ They moved the __________ __________ to ___________ _____________ themselves with ________ Some Muslims did not ________ with the __________ and _______ The Split Muslims split into two groups: SHI’A Thought the __________ should be a __________ of __________ SUNNI This __________ followed the Umayyad rule and followed __________ example. Sufi Another group who __________ against the _______ life of the __________ They led a life of __________ and __________ to the __________ life of ________ They __________ and __________ Focused on the __________

Muslim Achievement: Cultural Contributions Muslim Architecture Cultural Blending It is in _________________ that the ___________ __________ __________ can be seen Already __________ buildings were __________ by __________ Ideals Islamic Features: –Multi-lobed ______________ arches –__________ –______________ –Large ________________ __________ built from where __________ are called to ____________ 5 times a day Minarets Mosaics ______________ created using tiny pieces of __________ glass __________ Muslims use __________ to create ______________ __________________ on ____________ Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved.

Arabic Alphabet ____________ was ________ used to ____________ the ____________ of the ____________ (The Holy Book of __________) Written from ____________ to ____________ Made up of _____ letters Calligraphy Art of beautiful ____________ In Islam, showing __________ things in _______ was not ____________ So ____________ turned to calligraphy to ____________ themselves. Turn to page 247 in books Muhammad ____________ believed in the ________ of ____________ This led to ____________of places of learning by ________ Leaders Qualified ____________ = treat the sick Mathematicians and Astronomers = ____________ times for _________ Universities

Muslim Achievement Part 2: Scientific Contributions Math Arabic ____________ were __________ from ________ Included the number _________ _______ to study of __________ which helped _______________ lenses for _______________ and __________________ Medical Advances The __________________ Book – An ___________________ of ______________ using knowledge from Greek, __________, Arabic and _________ sources of knowledge Science Relied on Scientific ________________ and ___________________ Translated and studied ___________ texts Astrolabe? What is it? What does it measure? What is it compared to? Describe this device. Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved.