Chapter 3 Section 2 Religions of the Middle East

Monotheism Belief in one supreme God

Judaism

Judaism (Jewish) Oldest of the 3 religions Torah-Jewish Holy book –Tells early Jewish history –5 books of Moses Moses –Prophet –Revealed 10 commandments

Prosperous state under king Saul, David, and Solomon –Made the city of Jerusalem Diaspora –Spreading of Jewish people outside of the holy land

Holocaust –The murder of 6 million Jews in the 1940’s –Scapegoat Blamed for peoples troubles Believe God will send a Messiah or savior

Holidays –Rosh Hashanah New Years –Yom Kippur Most sacred holiday-Holiest day 24 hours of prayer and fasting Day of Atonement First practiced by a small group of people called Israelites.

Christianity

Largest religion Believe Jesus is the Messiah Study the Bible –Old testament books of Moses –New Testament Teachings of Jesus

The Bible

Christianity Constantine made Christianity official religion of Rome in 300 A.D. Crusades –Popes and Kings organized to capture the city of Jerusalem According to the Christian calendar, AD 1 is the year Jesus was born.

Holidays –Christmas-birth of Jesus –Palm Sunday-Jesus rode into Jerusalem –Good Friday-Jesus died on the cross –Easter Sunday-Jesus rose from the dead

Islam

Islam (Muslim) 2 nd largest religion Call god Allah Believe Muhammad is prophet Quran is the holy book 3 holy cities –Makkah (Mecca)-pilgrimage made to this city –Medinah –Jerusalem

Five pillars of Faith 1.State beliefs in faith-There is no God but god and Muhammad is The messenger 2. Pray 5 times a day 3. Give to charity 4. Fast (no food or drink) 5. Hajj –Visit the holy city once

The Five Pillars of Faith

Hajj

Holidays –Ramadan Fast sunrise to sunset