12 Sept 2011 JRS-1 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting Spitzer 40 day Monitoring of the ONC Sept 12, 2011 John R. Stauffer, IPAC

12 Sept 2011 JRS-2 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting Outline of Talk I will briefly describe the Orion monitoring campaign conducted in 2009, and one specific connection to the HST Orion project. I will even more briefly describe the next major effort – a 30 day Spitzer/CoRoT/MOST campaign for NGC2264.

12 Sept 2011 JRS-3 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting YSOVAR – Orion; Stauffer et al, Cycle 6 ES Program The central 1 sq. degree of the Orion Nebula Cluster was observed for 38 consecutive days Twice per day cadence; ~250 total observing hours Almost 2000 YSOs with Spitzer light curves Concurrent optical and JHK monitoring from more than a dozen ground-based telescopes Some additional monitoring in 2010 and 2011 to provide longer timescale data Goal: to understand better the physical mechanisms causing YSO variability by (for the first time) providing data sensitive to warm dust in the inner disk

12 Sept 2011 JRS-4 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting YSOVAR – Orion; Stauffer et al, Cycle 6 ES Program Blue dot: 3.6 mu; open circle: 4.5 mu; green dot: J band; red dot: I (or K) band

12 Sept 2011 JRS-5 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting YSOVAR – Orion; Stauffer et al, Cycle 6 ES Program Blue dot: 3.6 mu; open circle: 4.5 mu; green dot: J band; red dot: I (or K) band The preceding view graph were the poster children – but these are more typical – examples of the “irregular variable” class.

12 Sept 2011 JRS-6 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting YSOVAR – Orion Executive Summary For the ~1200 YSOs with disks for which we acquired good monitoring data –About 70% were detectably variable at IRAC wavelengths –Only about 15% were periodic – the great majority were variable but “irregular”, at least in December 2009 –Less than 5% of our sample were classifiable as AA Tau’s – much less than the fraction in N2264 from CoRoT. Not obvious that this is all explainable by the different observing cadence and wavelength coverage. –Even among the AA Tau class, only a small fraction showed periodic flux dips (discernible with our 40 day window) –Our cadence was good for finding PMS eclipsing binaries.

12 Sept 2011 JRS-7 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting ORION ECLIPSING BINARIES We have recovered the 4 known PMS EBs in the ONC: First brown dwarf eclipsing binary M  M  0.67 R  R  T 2 /T 1 ≈ 1.05 (Stassun, Mathieu & Valenti 2006) Double-lined, spectroscopic, eclipsing binary M  M  1.3 R  R  (Stassun et al. 2004) Low mass, double-lined, spectroscopic, eclipsing binary 0.41 M  M  1.75 R   R  (Cargile et al. 2008) 2MASSJ P = 9.78 d V1174 Ori P = 2.63 d Par 1802 P = 4.67 d JW 386 P = 5.30 d Very low mass eclipsing binary 0.26 M  M  1.19 R   R  (Irwin et al. 2007)

12 Sept 2011 JRS-8 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting ORION ECLIPSING BINARIES and found 7 new candidates… Spectroscopic binary Two mid-G giants (Herbig & Griffin 2006) Staring Mode M 1 ~ M 2 ~ 2.5 M  M 1 = 0.83 M  M 2 = 0.05 M  i = 88.2 deg Primary SpTy: K0 -> T 1 = 5150 K T 2 = 3000 K R 1 + R 2 = 3.75 R 

12 Sept 2011 JRS-9 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting We are working to obtain spectroscopic confirmation. If confirmed, they double the number of known low mass eclipsing binaries in the area ORION ECLIPSING BINARIES The longest period PMS EB to date M4.5 K7-M0 The lowest mass PMS EB to date Only candidate presenting midIR excess consistent with having a disk Previously identified as a fast rotator with P=0.27 d

12 Sept 2011 JRS-10 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting Thoughts re: Orion Age Spread Reggiani et al. used the HST Treasury data to estimate the existing data (estimates of L/Teff) are inconsistent with coeval star formation, but consistent with an age spread of about 2 Myr (and a mean age of about 2.2 Myr). Jeffries et al used the same L, Teff data but used disk presence as a pseudo clock. Their conclusion was that there was no evidence for an age spread, and that for a mean age of 2.5 Myr, >95% of the stars should have ages between 1.3 and 4.8 Myr. The conclusions are not that different, given the uncertainties.

12 Sept 2011 JRS-11 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting Thoughts re: Orion Age Spread YSOVAR can contribute to this by identifying a set of what should be the youngest YSOs in Orion, based on their variability characteristics. After doing this, the location of these stars in an HR diagram is essentially the same as for Orion WTTs or for full set of stars with disks. This also suggests that the main cause for the spread in the HR diagram is something other than age.

12 Sept 2011 JRS-12 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting Thoughts re: Orion Age Spread This plot shows all of the stars from Da Rio 2010, using the L and Teff from that paper, and which are included in the YSOVAR sample. “Disk” means having an IR excess according to Megeath’s IRAC GTO program. No obvious separation of the two – as per Jeffries paper.

12 Sept 2011 JRS-13 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting Thoughts re: Orion Age Spread This version only includes the most “active” disks based on their IR variability (largest amplitude and/or shape different at I/J vs. IRAC). Still no significant difference in the HR diagram location compared to the WTT’s.

12 Sept 2011 JRS-14 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting YSOVAR Orion and HST Treasury There must be other ways to combine the Spitzer and HST data: –Use the HST U-band or the ground-data obtained in support of the treasury program to estimate accretion rates (or just use the values in Da Rio 2010)– and “assume” that these stars should have variability that is dominated by accretion. Compare the variability characteristics of these stars to those of the AA Tau class, where the dominant events are due to extinction. –Do the HST-identified visual binaries have different variability characteristics from those that are single at HST resolution? –Other?

12 Sept 2011 JRS-15 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting YSOVAR2 – Mapping YSO Inner Disk Structure in NGC2264 Simultaneous Spitzer, CoRoT and MOST imaging photometry of this 1-3 Myr old cluster for 30 days, continuous The only star forming region that can be observed by CoRoT >100 YSOs with IRAC staring mode data for ~5 days – mmag photometry with 30sec cadence at V and IRAC 300ksec of Chandra time – hope to have this done simultaneously with the IRAC staring mode data December 2011.

12 Sept 2011 JRS-16 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting YSOVAR2 – More Details Spitzer - scheduled for Dec. 3, 2011 to Jan. 1, 2012 (5 days staring; 25 days mapping – 13 times per day) CoRoT – plan for same window, or slightly longer MOST – scheduled for Dec. 5, 2011 to Jan. 12, 2012 Chandra – likely in Dec. 4-11, 2011 window VLT/FLAMES (Halpha) – 40 hrs (2 hr/nt for ~17 nights) CFHT Megacam U band –Dec KPNO 2.1m Flamingos JHK – Dec MMT Hectoechelle – Dec CAHA 3.5m Omega2000 JHK – once/nt for 30 nts Other smaller telescopes, mostly I band.

12 Sept 2011 JRS-17 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting YSOVAR2 – More Details CoRoT – will get data for ~300 cluster members with 10 < R < 16, at 512 or 32 second cadence. MOST - will get data for ~70 cluster members at about twice per minute cadence, V <~ 12. Spitzer – data for most of the cluster - > 600 members at about 1.7 hr cadence. Good photometry down to HBML.

12 Sept 2011 JRS-18 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting YSOVAR2 – Science Goals By combining UVRIJHK+IRAC time series photometry plus Halpha monitoring, finally be able to separate primary causes of YSO variability (extinction, accretion, hot/cold spots on the photosphere, etc.) Specifically, attempt to create detailed models for the AA Tau analogs found with the 1 st NGC2264 CoRoT “short-run” by Alencar et al. Is the frequency of AA Tau type variables really very different in N2264 and Orion? PMS EB census for a cluster that is on average older than the ONC.

12 Sept 2011 JRS-19 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting YSOVAR2 – Wish List At some level, this campaign is a “once in a lifetime” event since it uses three space observatories that will soon stop taking data, with little in the way of the same capability coming on line any time soon. This makes it important to try to do this right – and to try to collect as many types of relevant data as possible during the December campaign. We welcome volunteers…

12 Sept 2011 JRS-20 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting BACKUP SLIDES

12 Sept 2011 JRS-21 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting

12 Sept 2011 JRS-22 STScI – Orion Treasury program group meeting Combining YSOVAR and HST DaRio Log(Lacc/ Lbol) vs. Range in IRAC [3.6] for Irreg. variables w. IR excesses.