Quaternary Environments Overview
Scale of Variation
Energy Balance
Milancovich Cycles
Paleomagnetism
Illustration by Steele Hill
Ice Cores
Marine Sediments
, Foramnifera, Diatoms, Coccoliths, and Dinoflagellates
Packrat Midden
Lake Coring
Macrofossil Seeds
Phytolith Morphology
Pollen Analysis
Isochrones of Vegetation Migration
Dendrochronology
J.M.W Turner, England: Richmond Hill, on the Prince Regent’s Birthday, 1819
1889 George Roskruge’s surveying party standing above Monkey Spring
1962 Growth of shrubs and grasses including exotics Bermuda grass and Watercress
1994 Plants have continued to encroach on the site with Velvet mesquite, one- seed Juniper, Gooding willow, and Fremont cottonwood being common
View of a Hurricane through satellite imagery
Paleoclimate Models
Worldwide Megafaunal Extinctions
Fig. 1-1 p. 2 World Population
North America by Night
Human Disturbance Tropic of Capricorn Equator Predominantly natural Partially disturbed Human dominated Antarctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Arctic Circle