Muscular System Objectives: Review anatomical terminology. Review types of joint movements. Compare and contrast types of muscle.

What is the opposite of: Inferior Anterior Medial Distal Superficial

More review and assignments: Figure 17-2 (Lab Manual) Venn diagram of the three types of muscle. Add any other general information you know about muscle. Homework: Add Chapter 8 roots, prefixes, and suffixes to medical terminology sheet (Vocabulary quiz on Wednesday!!!) Medical journal article on a disease or disorder of the muscular system due on test day

Muscle Tissues Skeletal muscle tissue (“voluntary”) Long, threadlike cells Striations: alternating light and dark cross-markings Each cell has many nuclei just beneath the cell membrane.

Muscle Tissues (cont.) 2. Smooth muscle tissue (“involuntary”) No striations Cells are shorter than skeletal muscle, spindle-shaped, and have one, centrally located nucleus. Line walls of internal organs

Muscle Tissues (cont.) 3. Cardiac muscle tissue – heart Striated and joined end-to-end Each cell has only one nucleus. ??? How would you be able to differentiate b/t skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue, since both are striated?

Types of Muscle Tissue (p.185):

Skeletal Muscle Actions Movement depends on type of joint the muscle is associated with Origin & Insertion: Origin – the end of the muscle that is fastened to a relatively immovable or fixed part Insertion – the end connected to the movable part on the other side of the joint When muscles contract, its insertion is pulled toward its origin (EX: biceps brachii)

Interaction of Skeletal Muscles Prime mover – the muscle responsible for MOST of the movement (aka, agonist) Synergist - ??? Antagonist - ???

Major Skeletal Muscles Names may indicate location, size, shape, action, number of attachments, or direction of muscle fibers: Pectoralis major Deltoid Extensor digitorum Biceps brachii Sternocleidomastoid External oblique 1 2 3 4 5

Muscles of Facial Expression “It takes more muscles to frown than it does to smile.” More than 600 skeletal muscles in the body – 60 in the face! 40 used to frown 20 used to smile Smallest muscle is the stapedius, in the middle ear Largest - ??? Longest - ???

Muscles of Facial Expression (p.188) and Mastication (p.190) ***Epicranius has 2 parts: frontalis and occipitalis.

Muscles That Move the Head Add these muscles to your head drawing.

Muscles That Move the Pectoral Girdle (p.191) Closely associated with those that move the arm Many move the scapula up, down, backward, and forward

Muscles That Move the Arm Grouped according to primary actions: Flexors Coracobrachialis Pectoralis major Extensors Teres major Latissimus dorsi Abductors Supraspinatus Deltoid Rotators Subscapularis Infraspinatus Teres minor

Muscles That Move the Arm (p.193)

Muscles That Move the Forearm Flexors Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradius Extensor ???? Rotators Supinator Pronator teres Pronator quadratus (square shaped)

Muscles That Move the Forearm (p.194)

Muscles That Move the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers Flexors Flexor carpi radialis Flexor caroi ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum profundus Extensors Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum

Muscles That Move the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (p.195)