Reduction- Oxidation Reactions (1) 213 PHC 10th lecture (1) Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, 6 th edition. 1.

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Reduction- Oxidation Reactions (1) 213 PHC 10th lecture (1) Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, 6 th edition. 1

By the end of the lecture the student should be able to: Define oxidation, reduction, oxidizing agent, and reducing agent. Understand the principals of electrochemical cell and electrode potential Calculate the electrode potential by Nernest equation. 2

WHAT IS A REDOX REACTION? It is a reaction occurs between an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent. 3

OXIDATIONREDUCTION A loss of electrons to give a higher oxidation state Fe 2+  Fe 3+ + e - A gain of electrons to give a lower oxidation state Ce 4+ + e -  Ce 3+ 4

Oxidizing AgentReducing Agent Take on electrons Gets reduced Ce 4+ + e -  Ce 3+ Give up electrons Gets oxidized Fe 2+  Fe 3+ + e - 5

Fe 2+ + Ce 4+  Fe 3+ + Ce 3+    reducing oxidizing oxidized reduced agentagent form form (Reduced form) (oxidized form) 6

The reducing or oxidizing tendency of a substances will depend on its reduction potential. 7

Electrode Potential (E o ) Each half-reaction will generate a potential that adopted by an inert electrode dipped in the solution. Individual electrode potential can’t be measured. The difference between 2 electrode potentials can be measured. The standard hydrogen electrode is used to measure the potential of any half reaction because it’s potential is zero. 8

The more +ve E o = (oxidation). The more -ve E o = (reduction). 9

Fe 3+ + e -  Fe 2+ E o = V Sn e -  Sn 2+ E o = V 2Fe 3+ + Sn 2+  2Fe 2+ + Sn 4+ 10

Questions? 11

Example Fe 3+ + e - = Fe 2+ E o = V I e - = 3I - E o = V 2Fe I - = 2Fe 2+ + I 3 - E o cell = – = V 12

Quiz 1. What is the overall cell reaction and the cell potential for the two half-reactions? A) Cu e = Cu E o = 0.34 V Zn e = Zn E o = V B) Fe 3+ + e = Fe 2+ E o = 0.77 V Ti 4+ + e = Ti 3+ E o = 0.15 V 13

The Nernst equation 14

The Nernst equation Describes the dependence of potential on concentration. 15

E = E o – RT / n F log [Red] / [Ox] E = reduction potential at specific conc. E o = standard potential. n = no. of electrons R = gas const. (8.3143) T = absolute temp. F = Faraday const. (96.487) 16

At 25 o C E = E o – ( / n) log [Red] / [Ox] 17

Questions? 18

Summary: Definition of oxidation-reduction reactions. Electrochemical cells. Electrode potential. Nernast equation 19

Thank you 20