Mountain Building Chapter 11 September 29, 2010

Complete the following using Ch. 11 of your textbook (page 308) on your warm up doc: – Define deformation – Define stress – Define strain – List the three types of deformation – List the three types of stress – Which type of fault (p. 312) could result in having older rock layers on top of younger rock layers?

Exploratory Lab In groups, you are going to complete the Inquiry Activity on page 307 – Be careful with the sticks- if you do not behave maturely, you will not be allowed to do labs Record your observations for Steps 1-4 and answer the Think About It questions

Objectives 9/29/10 I will be able to… DESCRIBE THE FACTORS AFFECTING ______________________ I will be able to… DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE ________________CAUSING ROCK DEFORMATION

Key Points __________occurs when there is a change in the size and/or shape of a rock body Deformation is caused by movements of tectonic plates and interactions at plate boundaries – Types of deformation: ductile, elastic and brittle _______is the force per unit area that is acting on a solid – Types of stress: compressional, tensional, shear Strain is the change in shape of a rock as a result of stress

Rock Deformation Rocks are strong- but no matter how strong, there is a point when rocks will ____________ Deformation refers to __________________ _____________________________________ Most deformation occurs along _____margins

Rock Deformation Deformation is the result of ________ Stress is the ________ per unit area that is acting on a solid When a rock is put under more stress than it can handle it will deform- usually by _______ _____________________

Rock Deformation The ____________ that is caused by stress on rocks is called _____________ Factors influencing the strength of a rock and how it will deform: 1.____________ 2. ___________types 3.Confining ____________ 4.___________

Types of Deformation ______deformation: rocks _______to their original size and shape when the force is removed – Stress is applied ____________ _______deformation: rocks _______and fracture – Temperatures and confining pressures are ______ _____________deformation: rocks change their shape and size _________________ – Temperatures and confining pressures are _______

Factors Affecting Deformation Temperature and Pressure – __________temperatures and pressure increase the likelihood the rock will show __________deformation Rock Type – Rocks with _______bonds usually show brittle deformation – Sedimentary and foliated metamorphic rocks are more likely to show ductile deformation Time – Forces that might not deform a rock at first can cause a rock to show _______deformation if applied over a long period of time

Types of Stress 1._________ - pull apart 2.__________ - squeeze together 3._______ - top and bottom are pushed in different directions

Types of Stress Can you think of some examples of each type of stress? – Tensional – Compressional – Shear

Examples of Stress Brainstorm examples of the different types of stress from life: (at least 3 types for each) TensionalCompressionalShear

Examples of Stress Choose one example from the list for each type of stress. Write 2 sentences explaining the affect the stress has in each example.

Predicting Stress PREDICT what sort of affect each of those types of stress might have on a mountain being formed. Write 2 sentences explaining the affect each type of stress might have on a new mountain.

Check-in Define deformation: What are the 3 types of rock deformation? What type of deformation involves rocks returning to their original shape and size after stress is removed? What type of deformation involves rocks permanently changing shape without fracturing? What are the three types of stress?