1 4/23/2007 Introduction to Grid computing Sunil Avutu Graduate Student Dept.of Computer Science

2 4/23/2007 Grid Computing Topics to be addressed in this Presentation  What is Grid Computing?  Features of Grid Computing  Early Grid Activities  Current Grid Activities  Layered Grid Architecture  Grid Architecture and Other Distributed Technologies  Conclusion

3 4/23/2007 A Typical Grid Computing Environment Grid Resource Broker Resource Broker Application Grid Information Service Grid Resource Broker database R2R2 R3R3 RNRN R1R1 R4R4 R5R5 R6R6 Grid Information Service 2

4 4/23/2007 Grid Computing :  idea of grid was brought by Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman and Steve Tuecke in the year  emerging computing model that distributes processing across a parallel infrastructure.  subset of distributed computing  internet=network of communication grid computing=network of computation

5 4/23/2007 Features of Grid Computing:  offers Information Technology as a Utility  design goal of solving bigger problems  provides multi user environment  involves sharing heterogeneous resources

6 4/23/2007 Early Grid Activities Earlier Grid Computing efforts were aligned with the overlapping functional areas:  Data and Computation Functional Data Requirements for Grid Computing:  efficient data transfer mechanisms  data caching and/or replication mechanisms  data discovery mechanisms  data encryption and integrity  backup/restore mechanisms

7 4/23/2007 Early Grid Activities(Contd…) Functional Computational Requirements for Grid Computing:  mechanisms to select resources  Understanding of current and predicted data loads  failure detection and failover mechanisms

8 4/23/2007 Current Grid Activities : Fig 1 : Dynamic benefits of coordinated resource sharing in a virtual organization.

9 4/23/2007 Concept of Virtual Organization(VO)  a dynamic set of individuals and/or institutions defined around a set of resource-sharing rules and conditions  all VO’s share some commonality  conditional, time bound and rules driven resource sharing  dynamic collection of individuals  sharing relationship among participants is peer to peer  assigning users, resources from different domains

10 4/23/2007 Layered Grid Architecture Fig 2: The layered Grid architecture and its relationship to the Internet protocol architecture

11 4/23/2007 Layered grid Architecture (Contd…) Fabric Layer : interface to local resources  fabric layer defines the resources that can be shared E.g.. computational resources, data storage, networks, catalogs  A resource can be a Physical resource or a logical resource  A logical resource can be implemented by their own internal protocol  basic capabilities associated with the integration of resources:  provide an inquiry  provide appropriate resource management

12 4/23/2007 Layered grid Architecture (Contd…) Connectivity Layer: Manages communications  defines core communication and authentication protocols Authentication solution for Vo’s:  single sign on: any multiple entities in the grid fabric to be authenticated once  Delegation: ability to access a resource under the current user permissions  Integration with local resource specific security solutions  User-based trust relationships

13 4/23/2007 Layered grid Architecture (Contd…) Resource Layer :sharing of a single Resource  controls the secure negotiation, initiation, monitoring, sharing of operations across individual layer. Two primary classes of resource layer protocols Information Protocols Management Protocols  negotiating access to a shared resource  performing operation on a resource & monitoring the status of operation

14 4/23/2007 Layered grid Architecture (Contd…) Collective layer: coordinating multiple resources  responsible for global resource management Common collective services in a Grid Computing system  Discovery services  Co allocation,scheduling Services  Community accounting and Payment Services

15 4/23/2007 Layered grid Architecture (Contd…) Application Layer: User-Defined Grid Applications  user applications constructed by utilizing the services defined at each lower level  each layer in the Grid Architecture provides a set of API’s and SDK’s for the higher layers of integration

16 4/23/2007 Grid Architecture and Other Distributed Technologies  Like the Web, grid computing keeps complexity hidden: multiple users enjoy a single, unified experience.  Unlike the Web, which mainly enables communication, grid computing enables full collaboration toward common business goals.  Like peer-to-peer, grid computing allows users to share files.  Unlike peer-to-peer, grid computing allows many-to-many sharing — not only files but other resources as well.

17 4/23/2007 Grid Architecture and Other Distributed Technologies  Like clusters and distributed computing, grids bring computing resources together.  Unlike clusters and distributed computing, which need physical proximity and operating homogeneity, grids can be geographically distributed and heterogeneous.  Like virtualization technologies, grid computing enables the virtualization of IT resources.  Unlike virtualization technologies, which virtualize a single system, grid computing enables the virtualization of vast and disparate IT resources.

18 4/23/2007 Conclusion  Grid computing provides a framework and deployment platform that enables resource sharing, accessing, aggregation, and management  possible to share resources across organizations, including different companies, even in different countries.  Grid services represent a convergence between high- performance computing and Web services

19 4/23/2007 References: 1)Grid Computing by Joshy Joseph,Craig Fellenstein ( IBM Press) 2) Grid Computing for Developers by Vladimir Silva 3) 4) 5)

20 4/23/2007 Thank You

21 4/23/2007