Geometric Tolerances and Dimensions GTD Geometric Tolerances and Dimensions

Why Geometric Tolerances and Dimensioning To ensure interchangeability of mating parts during assembly To eliminate controversy and guesswork when drawing is interpreted To ensure the drawing reflects the form and function requirements of the manufactured parts

Principles of datum specification Three perfect plans used to locate an imperfect part. Three point contact is used on the primary plane. b. Two point contact is used on the secondary plane. c. One point contact is used on the tertiary plane

datum specification

One-Plane Datum Reference Frame

Two-Plane Datum Reference Frame

Three-Plane Datum Reference Frame

Symbols Advantages: 1. The symbol has uniform meaning. 2. Symbols are compact, quickly drawn, and can be placed on the drawing where the control applies. 3. Symbols are the international language and surmount individual language barriers. 4. Geometric tolerance symbols follow the established precedent of other well known symbol systems, e.g., electrical and electronic, welding, surface texture.

Using Symbols

Using Notes

Symbols/Notes

Material Condition

HOLE PIN

MMC The actual local size of the hole at . 245 and the pin at Ø .240 of the figure are the Maximum material condition Ø

LMC The actual local size of the hole at Ø .255 and the pin at Ø .230 of the figure are the least material condition

TERMINOLOGY VIRTUAL CONDITION - A constant boundary generated by the collective effects of a size feature’s specified MMC or LMC and the geometric tolerance for that material condition.

VIRTUAL CONDITION Virtual condition, based on MMC or L M C is a feature‘s extreme boundary; it represents the “worse case” For MMC, “worse case” concerns fits and/or clearances with mating parts For LMC, “worst case” is concerned with strength, alignment, wall thickness, etc. with reference to mating parts

VIRTUAL CONDITION (MMC- PIN) Virtual Condition for a Pin (Based on Maximum Material Condition) = Maximum Material Condition + the Stated Position or Orientation Tolerance VC = MMC + Tolerance

VIRTUAL CONDITION (MMC- PIN)

VIRTUAL CONDITION (MMC- Hole) Virtual Condition for a Hole (Based on Maximum Material Condition) = Maximum Material Condition - the Stated Position or Orientation Tolerance VC = MMC - Tolerance

VIRTUAL CONDITION (MMC- Hole)

VIRTUAL CONDITION (LMC- PIN) Virtual Condition for a Pin (Based on Least Material Condition) = Least Material Condition - the Stated Position or Orientation Tolerance • VC = LMC - Tolerance

VIRTUAL CONDITION (LMC- PIN)

VIRTUAL CONDITION (LMC- Hole) Virtual Condition for a Hole (Based on Least Material Condition) = Least Material Condition + the Stated Position or Orientation Tolerance VC = LMC + Tolerance

VIRTUAL CONDITION (LMC- Hole)