This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement n° A Federated Platform for Open Science Commons in Africa (doi: 11623/sci-gaia: ) Prof. Roberto Barbera (University of Catania, Italy – 7 October 2015 – Lagos – “Federated Identity and Mobility for Research and Education”Federated Identity and Mobility for Research and Education

Outline 2 Introductory concepts, definitions and driving considerations The Sci-GaIA project and its Open Science Commons platform Summary and conclusions

The Scientific Method 3 G. Galilei

The Pillars of the Scientific Method 4 Repeatability The closeness of agreement between independent results obtained with the same method on identical test material, under the same conditions (same operator, same apparatus, same laboratory and after short intervals of time) Affected by random errors Reproducibility The closeness of agreement between independent results obtained with the same method on identical test material but under different conditions (different operators, different apparatus, different laboratories and/or after different intervals of time) Affected by systematic errors Is science really reproducible?

Reproducibility crisis (1/2) 5

Reproducibility crisis (2/2) 6 More retractions: >15x increase in the last 10 years At current rate, by 2045 as many papers published as retracted 1.Ioannidis et al., Repeatability of published microarray gene expression analyses. Nature Genetics 41: 14 2.Science publishing: The trouble with retractions 3.Bjorn Brembs: Open Access and the looming crisis in science

Repeatability and Reproducibility are not all… 7

Evolution of Distributed Computing 8 Time 80’s-90’s Cluster Computing 90’s-00’s Grid Computing 00’s-10’s Cloud Computing Cost of hw Cost of networks Power of COTS WAN bandwidth 8 Mainframe Computing

e-Science 9 Applications Data Instruments/sensors e-Infrastructure Virtual Research Communities

How do e-Infrastructures support the Scientific Method? 10 Data Infrastructures Open Access Doc. Repos. Data Repos. Semantic-web enrichment of linked data Data preservation HTC/HPC Clusters Grids, Clouds both ways Challenge: «walk» across the knowledge path both ways

Evolution of the Web 11

Web 2.0/3.0 technologies ( 12  Ubiquitous Connectivity:  Broadband adoption;  Mobile Internet access;  Mobile devices;  Network Computing:  Software-as-a-service business models;  Web services interoperability;  Distributed computing (P2P, grid computing, cloud computing, […]);P2P  Open Technologies:  Open APIs and protocols;  Open data formats;  Open-source software platforms;  Open data (Creative Commons, Open Data License, etc.); Open data  Open Identity:  Open identity (OpenID);  Open reputation;  Portable identity and personal data (for example, the ability to port your user account and search history from one service to another);  The Intelligent Web:  Semantic Web technologies (RDF, OWL, SWRL, SPARQL, Semantic application platforms, and statement-based datastores such as triplestores, tuplestores and associative databases);RDF OWL SWRL SPARQL triplestores tuplestores  Distributed databases — […] wide- area distributed database interoperability enabled by Semantic Web technologies);  Intelligent applications (natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning, autonomous agents).”

Open Science (o-Science) 13

Science in transition  towards Science 2.0 ( 14 Final report:

Definitions ( 15  “Science 2.0 refers to all scientific culture, including scientific communication, which employs features enabled by Web 2.0 [and Web 3.0] and the Internet”  “Open Science refers to a scientific culture that is characterized by its openness. Scientist share results almost immediately and with a very wide audience”

16 /Cloud Open Science Schools of Thought (

( 17 Open Science Commons vision “Researchers from all disciplines have easy, integrated and open access to the advanced digital services, scientific instruments, data, knowledge and expertise they need to collaborate to achieve excellence in science, research and innovation.” Open Science Commons principles “Research data, scientific instruments, digital services (including those for data-intensive science), software, written knowledge (e.g., scientific publications, educational and training resources), expertise from people”, etc. are openly and widely shared across virtual research communities encompassing a variety of different disciplines. Open Science Commons benefits “Using Open Science as a guideline and applying the Commons as a management principle, will bring numerous benefits for the research community, and society at large.”

Open Science Commons pillars 18 Data: “Data is the subject matter for research. It should be dealt with according to the principles of open access and open science, while maintaining trust and privacy for researchers” e-Infrastructures: “The technology and technical services supporting researchers, building towards integrated services and interoperable infrastructures across Europe and the world” Scientific instruments: “The equipment and collaborations which generate scientific data, from small-scale lab machines to global collaborations around massive facilities” Knowledge: “The human networks, understanding and material capturing skills and experience required to carry out open science using the three other pillars” On top of the above: «Communication» and «Awareness»

The Sci-GaIA Project ( 19 Energising Scientific Endeavour through Science Gateways and e-Infrastructures in Africa Research Infrastructures – Coordination & Support Action Grant Agreement no EC contribution: ~1.4 MEuro Start date: 1 May 2015 Duration: 24 Months

20 Sci-GaIA is strongly committed to promote Open Science

A virtuous cycle to promote/enable Open Science 21 Access Inclusion

22

The e-Infrastructure Knowledge Base ( 23 The largest e-Infrastructure related knowledge base

The e-Infrastructure Knowledge Base (Country view) 24

The e-Infrastructure Knowledge Base (Open Access Document Repositories, Data Repositories and Open Education Resources) 25 > 4,000 repositories > 30 million resources

The e-Infrastructure Knowledge Base (Repository’s detailed view) 26

The Semantic Search Engine ( 27

The Open Knowledge workflow – How can we implement it? 28

The Sci-GaIA requirements for an Open Access Repository 29 Requirements: Open source Standard compliant Well supported Scalable up to O(10 6 )-O(10 7 ) resources (to begin with) Choice: Invenio ( – actual version: our «add-ons» Motivations: Fully compliant with OAI-PMH and Marc21 standards Co-developed by an international collaboration comprising institutes such as ​ CERN, ​ DESY, ​ EPFL, ​ FNAL, ​ SLAC and used by about 30 scientific institutions worldwide ZENODO (OpenAIRE flagship repository), SCOAP 3 and inSPIRE HEP repositories are based on InvenioZENODOSCOAP 3inSPIRE HEP The CERN Document Server ( based on Invenio, contains more than 1.3 million documentshttp://cds.cern.ch/ UNESCO and UEMOA are leading an initiative to create a virtual library based on Invenio in 8 West African countriesinitiative

The Sci-GaIA Open Access Repository ( 30 federated authentication Resources can be:  Manually uploaded  Automatically harvested and ingested from external sources

(Single) resource upload and DOI registration 31 The Sci-GaIA OAR has already a prefix of: And we are also discussing with:

Visibility and compliance (Full conforming with Open Archive Initiative’s standards; registered as an OpenDOAR data provider)Open Archive InitiativeOpenDOAR 32

Sci-GaIA OAR can be “cloned” wherever and whenever it is needed 33

The Africa Grid Science Gateway ( 34

Examples of applications available in the Africa Grid SG: The TRODAN data repository 35 Browser

Examples of applications available in the Africa Grid SG: The TRODAN data repository 36 Viewer

Examples of applications available in the Africa Grid SG: The TRODAN data repository 37

Everybody can propose new applications ( 38

The Africa & Arabia Regional Operation Centre (ROC) ( 39 Unique entry point to explore/monitor the African e-Infrastructure and/or to join it with HPC, Grid and Cloud sites Fully compliant with DevOps paradigm:DevOps e-Infrastructure services (IdP, SG, OAR, etc.) and applications can be automatically deployed

The EGI Grid ( T. Ferrari (EGI.eu): “e-Infrastructures for Earth Sciences – workshop”

The Federated Cloud ( T. Ferrari (EGI.eu): “e-Infrastructures for Earth Sciences – workshop”

The Open Knowledge workflow: we do know how to implement it … and we are actually doing it! 42

The e-Infrastructures discussion forum ( 43

The e-Infrastructures discussion forum ( 44 The forum is meant to be an open environment where to discuss about: Open Science Commons Open Access Training and Education Identity Federations Science Gateways Applications Funding Opportunities Job Opportunities... and much more The forum has been registered as a Service Provider of eduGAIN so you can sign in using the credentials provided by your organisation. For those who don't have institutional credentials, you're welcome to enroll on our "catch-all" Identity ProviderIdentity Provider Although it's been delivered by the Sci-GaIA project and mainly targets sub-Saharan Africa, the forum is widely open to external projects and to all other regions so people working in other projects and initiatives are very welcome to join and contribute to the discussions

The Triangle of Knowledge 45 Research & Development Innovation Education & Training Building e-Infrastructures is a waste if we don’t “build”, at the same time, their users Along with e-Infrastructures, t-Infrastructures and training programmes are thus needed as well as Open EducationOpen Education ResourcesResources (OER) e-Infrastructure t-Infrastructure

Sci-GaIA Educational Modules 46 A&A ROC courses.sci-gaia.eu Catania SG Framework Other OER’s To be adopted in university curricula in EU and Africa

Sci-GaIA Online Courses ( 47 Everybody is welcome to contribute with full courses and other training & education materials

48

49 Federated access Identity Federation Identity Provider Single Sign On

Summary and conclusions 50 Open Science vision can be implemented only if the “openness” paradigm becomes pervasive in day-by-day research Science outputs’ reproducibility, but also re-usability and extensibility, are key to walk through the “knowledge path” in both directions The Sci-GaIA project is strongly committed to promote the uptake of the Open Science paradigm and it’s building a viable federated platform for Open Science Commons across Europe and Africa A novel approach connects Open Access Repositories to Science Gateway and exploit Grid/Cloud/local resources worldwide to easily reproduce/extend scientific analyses There are quite a number of opportunities for WACREN- supported Communities of Practice. We’re willing to discuss them in details and turn them into real benefits

Thank you! sci-gaia.eu

Acknowledgments 52 Bruce Becker (CSIR Meraka – South Africa) Rita Ricceri (UNICT - Italy) Mario Torrisi (UNICT - Italy)