Chapter 10 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Crimes Against Persons © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Crime Typology Categorizes offenses against persons using a particular dimension… © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Legal categories Offender motivation Victim behavior Crime Typology Dimensions © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Situational aspects of the criminal event Offender characteristics Crime Typology Dimensions © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Violent Crime Typology Homicide Different forms, based on state and federal statutes © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Violent Crime Typology Small fraction of crimes reported to the police Violent Crime Typology Homicide 13% involve strangers © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Most frequent circumstance that precedes a homicide is an argument Violent Crime Typology Homicide © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Victim-Offender Relationship Primary homicides Non-primary homicides Homicide © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Exposure-reduction theory of intimate- partner homicide Victim-Offender Relationship Homicide © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

As resources supporting the end to a violent relationship increase,… Victim-Offender Relationship Homicide © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

…rates of intimate-partner homicide decrease Victim-Offender Relationship Homicide © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Homicide Instrumental and expressive homicide Victim precipitation Weapon use © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Alcohol and Drug Use Gangs Homicide © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Involves the killing of several victims in three or more separate events Serial Murder Homicide © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

The killing of more than three individuals at one time Homicide Mass Murder © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Violent Crime Typology Rape Most rapes are not reported to the police Problems with accurate reporting of data © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Women bring rape charges against offenders to “get even” with men Violent Crime Typology Rape Myth: © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Woman invite rape by wearing provocative clothing Violent Crime Typology Rape Myth: © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Violent Crime Typology Women are “asking for it” by going to bars alone Women say “no” when they really mean “yes ” Violent Crime Typology Rape Myths: © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Violent Crime Typology Social Context of Rape Acquaintance rape Rape on college campuses Violent Crime Typology © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Violent Crime Typology Marital Rape Rape in Prison Violent Crime Typology Social Context of Rape © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Theoretical Perspectives of Rape Feminist perspective Psychopathological perspective © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Integrated theory of rape Evolutionary/biological perspective Theoretical Perspectives of Rape © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Typologies of Rapists Power Anger Sadism Revolves around: © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Power-assertive Power-reassurance Anger-retaliatory Anger-excitation Typologies of Rapists © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Violent Crime Typology Robbery Involves the use of force © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Violent Crime Typology Robbery Purpose is to take the property of another © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Violent Crime Typology Robbery Personal Institutional © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Robbery Robbery and Public Transportation © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Robbery Drug robberies Gendered nature of robbery © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Violent Crime Typology Assault “Prototype of violent crime” Most common violent crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Violent Crime Typology Assault Stranger assault Assault within families © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Violent Crime Typology Stalking A pattern of behavior that causes victims to fear for their personal safety © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Violent Crime Typology Stalking Victim-offender relationships Intimate-partner relationships Consequences of stalking © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Violent Crime Typology Stalking Cyberstalking © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Violent Crime Typology Terrorism Premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets… © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Violent Crime Typology Terrorism …by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Terrorism Typology Nationalist © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. State-sponsored Religious Left-wing Anarchist Right-wing

Violent Crime Typology Terrorism International Domestic © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Terrorism Domestic The unlawful use of force or violence by a group or an individual who is based and operates entirely in the United States and its territories… © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Terrorism Domestic …without foreign direction and whose acts are directed at elements of the U.S. government or population © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Terrorism International The unlawful use of force or violence by a group or an individual who has a connection to a foreign power or whose activities transcend national boundaries,… © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Terrorism International …against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Cyberterrorism A form of terrorism that makes use of high technology—especially computers, the Internet, and the World Wide Web—in the planning and carrying out of terrorist attacks © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Gilmore Commission Hart-Rudman Commission Bremmer Commission Terrorism © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Commissions and Reports

Must be foreign Must engage in terrorist activity Must threaten U.S. nationals or national security Foreign Terrorist Organization © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.