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2 All plants are EUKARYOTIC which means they all have a nucleus and MEMBRANE - BOUND organelles. All plants make their own food; therefore, they are considered photosynthetic AUTOTROPHS.

3 All plants are made up of many cells and are called MULTICELLULAR. Plants all have a cell wall made of CELLULOSE.

4 What do plants need to survive? Sunlight Water and Minerals Gas Exchange CO 2 O2O2 Movement of Water and Nutrients Sugar 2

5 The Development of Plants Mosses and their relatives Ferns and their relatives Cone-bearing plants Flowering plants Blue green bacteria Water-Conducting Vascular Tissue Seeds Flowers Seeds Enclosed in Fruit Over time, plants have gone from simple to complex. 3

6 Major Divisions in the Kingdom Plantae NONVASCULAR VASCULAR Hornworts Mosses Horsetails Seedless Seed Liverworts Ferns (produce spores) Gymnosperm Angiosperm ( seeds in cones) (seeds in flowers and fruit) Monocot Dicot Remember this chart! Club Mosses

7 THE PLANT KINGDOM

8 Plants are grouped by: 1.The presence or absence of vascular tissue. Vascular tissues are specialized cells that transport water and other materials. Found in almost all land plants. Allows materials to be distributed more efficiently. 2. Their method of reproduction.

9 Types of Plants:Seedless Nonvascular Plants NONVASCULAR PLANTS – do not have a vascular system or internal network for transporting water and nutrients within their body. ALL nonvascular plants lack true roots, stems and leaves. A group of nonvascular plants is Bryophytes, which includes mosses, liverworts and hornworts.

10 Moss Hornworts Liverworts

11 Types of Plants: Key Features of Seedless Nonvascular Plants 1.Small size – water and nutrients must enter by osmosis or diffusion (because they lack roots). 2.Require water for sexual reproduction – to allow sperm to swim to other plants and fertilize their eggs.

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13 Types of Plants: Key Features of Vascular Plants 1.Have VASCULAR TISSUE for transporting nutrients. 2.Larger and more complex than nonvascular plants. 3. Not dependent on being close to water.

14 Seedless Vascular Plants Seedless vascular plants include club mosses, horsetails and ferns. The most numerous phylum of these is the fern. Ferns and their relatives have true roots, stems and leaves. This group of plants was the first to conduct water, so they have specialized cells for conducting water called tracheids.

15 Seedless Vascular Plants FernsHorsetailsClub Mosses

16 Two types of Vascular Tissue 1.XYLEM – transports water from the roots to all parts of the plant, (only flows up). Made of dead material. 2. PHLOEM – transports food / nutrients down from the leaves. Made of living material. Sugar Water and Minerals

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19 Seedless Vascular Plants:Ferns Do not have seeds, have spores, found on the underside of the leaf. Leaves are called fronds. 1 ST appeared 400 million years ago. Has both male and female reproductive structures. The scientific division for Ferns is Pteridophyta.

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23 Types of Vascular Plants: Seed = Gymnosperm Plants whose seeds do not develop within a sealed container (fruit). Means “naked seed” Sperm is carried by the wind. Ex. Pine trees, cycads, conifers, palm trees..

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29 Types of Vascular Plants: Seed = Angiosperms FLOWERING PLANTS MOST SUCCESSFUL PLANT GROUP Seeds are enclosed within a fruit or flower. Flowers aid in attracting pollinators. Fruit protects developing seeds and allows seeds to be dispersed at greater distances (when eaten by animals) Seeds have a supply of stored food called the endosperm.

30 Types of Vascular Plants: Seed = Angiosperms

31 Types of Angiosperms:

32 Monocots vs. Dicots Seed1 cotyledon2 cotyledons Flower Parts Multiples of threeMultiples of 4 or 5 LeavesParallel VeinsNetted Veins RootsFibrousTap Vascular bundles ScatteredArranged in a rings

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35 Guess what type of angiosperms these are! Monocots or Dicots ????????????????

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