Advanced Human Trafficking in the State of Texas TCOLE Course #: 3271 Hosted By Bexar County Constable ’ s Office PCT#4 Constable Robert M. Blount UNIT THREE

2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Learning Objective 3.0: Learning Objective 3.0: The participant will be able to define the elements of human trafficking. Learning Objective 3.1: Learning Objective 3.1: The participant will be able to list three methods of control in Human Trafficking. Learning Objective 3.2: Learning Objective 3.2: The participant will be able to identify three examples of force used against trafficking victims. Learning Objective 3.3: Learning Objective 3.3: The participant will be able to identify three examples of fraud used against Human Trafficking victims. Learning Objective 3.4: Learning Objective 3.4: The participant will be able to identify three examples of coercion used against Human Trafficking victims. 2

3 Learning Objective 3.5: Learning Objective 3.5: The participant will be able to list examples of bonded labor. Learning Objective 3.6: Learning Objective 3.6: The participant will be able to list examples of forced labor. Learning Objective 3.7: Learning Objective 3.7: The participant will be able to identify and list examples of Child Labor. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Continued

UNIT THREE ELEMENTS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING 4

5 3.1 METHODS USED TO CONTROL VICTIMS FORCE, FRAUD AND COERCION Are methods used by traffickers to press victims into lives of servitude and abuse.

6 3.2 Examples of FORCE used 1.Beating 2.“ Seasoning ” 3.Torture 4.Sexual Assault 5.Burning 6.Drug Addiction 7.Confinement 8.Branding or Tattooing

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8 3.3 Examples of FRAUD 1.False promises, i.e. marriages, employment 2.Deceitful enticing and affectionate behavior, “the boyfriend” 3.Withholding wages 4.Misrepresenting working conditions 5.Misrepresenting the promise of a “ better life ”

9 3.4 Traffickers control their victims by COERCION 1.Threats Of Serious Harm Or Restraint 2.Intimidation /Humiliation 3.Emotional Abuse 4.Control Of Daily Lives And Brainwashing

10 5.Threats To Family Members 6.Deportation Threats 7.Confiscation Of Documents 3.4 COERCION – Continued

Who are the VICTIMS?  The International Labor Organization estimated more than 2.4 million people are victims of forced labor as a result of human trafficking.  More than half of whom are women and girls 1 1 2

12 International Labor Organization, A Global Alliance Against Forced Labour, A Global Report under the Follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and rights at Work 2005 The cost of coercion; REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL; Global Report under the follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work; INTERNATIONAL LABOUR CONFERENCE; 98th Session  The cost to victims is estimated at $20.9 billion per year Who are the VICTIMS? Continued

TEXAS NUMBERS….  Bureau of Justice Administration human trafficking task forces have reported (August 2010) Texas-based incidences or investigations arrests identified victims 4.Reports from January 1, 2007 – August 12, 2010 (Austin, Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston and San Antonio

14  Innocence Lost Task Forces in Texas reported the rescue of 109 minor victims in FY 2010 (October 2009-August 2010)  The National Human Trafficking Resource Center Hotline indicates 12% of calls came from Texas in 2009 (highest % of calls) TEXAS NUMBERS…Cont’d 3.4

SEX TRAFFICKING DEFINED Commercial sex act induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or, sex act in which the person performing the act is under the age 18.

3.4 SEX TRAFFICKING  Prostitution is the most common form of trafficking in the United States  May be working in: Massage parlors Massage parlors Brothels Brothels Strip clubs Strip clubs 16

17  May be working in: Escort services Escort services Bars Bars Modeling studios Modeling studios Street Corner Street Corner 3.4 SEX TRAFFICKING Continued

DOMESTIC MINOR SEX TRAFFICKING VICTIM  100,000 to 300,000 American children victimized through the practice of child prostitution every year (commercial sexual exploitation)  30% of shelter youth and 70% of street youth victimized through commercial sexual exploitation

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20 1 Prostituted Children in the United States: Identifying and Responding to America’s Trafficked Youth, Serg.1. Shared Hope International and Onanon Productions. DVD. Washington, D.C.:Shared Hope International 2 3 Estes, R. & Weiner, N. “Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.” University of Pennsylvania, 2001 Heather J. Clawson, Nicole Dutch, Amy Solomon, and Lisa Goldblatt Grace, August 2009  Organizations and agencies working with domestic minors involved in prostitution estimate that 70-80% of the minors they serve are runaways with a history of childhood abuse and sexual abuse 3 3.4

3.4 LABOR TRAFFICKING Using force, fraud, or coercion to  recruit,  harbor,  transport,  obtain, or employ a person for labor or 21

22 Using force, fraud, or coercion to  services in involuntary servitude,  peonage,  debt bondage, or  slavery. 3.4 LABOR TRAFFICKING Continued

23 Labor trafficking may be separated into three distinct categories which are used to exploit victims of human trafficking. 3.4 LABOR TRAFFICKING

24 1.Bonded Labor 2.Forced Labor 3.Child Labor 3.4 LABOR TRAFFICKING Continued

25 Labor is demanded as a means of repayment for a loan or service in which the terms and conditions have not been defined or in which the value of the victim’s services, as reasonably assessed, is not applied toward the liquidation of the debt. 3.5 BONDED LABOR Victims become bonded labors when

26 The value of their work is greater than the original sum of money “borrowed.” 3.5 BONDED LABOR Victims become bonded labors when Continued

27 1.Migrant farm workers 2.Labor camps or 3.Sweatshops 4.Domestic servitude 3.5 BONDED LABOR Continued

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29 Victims are forced to work against their will, under the threat of violence or some other form of punishment, their freedom is restricted and a degree of ownership is exerted. 3.6 FORCED LABOR

30 Domestic servitude Domestic servitude Agricultural labor Agricultural labor Sweatshop factory labor Sweatshop factory labor Janitorial services Janitorial services 3.6 FORCED LABOR continued continued

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32 Food service Food service Magazine sales (door to door) Magazine sales (door to door) Begging some seen soliciting money from drivers on streets Begging some seen soliciting money from drivers on streets 3.6 FORCED LABOR continued continued

33 Work likely to be hazardous to the health and/or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development of children and can interfere with their education. CHILD LABOR DEFINED: Work likely to be hazardous to the health and/or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development of children and can interfere with their education. 3.7 CHILD LABOR

3.7 Examples of Child Labor Continued 5 17 The International Labor Organization estimates worldwide there are 215 million children between 5 and 17 involved in child labor. Of those, more than 115 million are involved in the “unconditional worst forms of child labor” including: 34

35 Debt BondageDebt Bondage Forced recruitment for armed conflictForced recruitment for armed conflict Commercial Sex trade prostitution and pornographyCommercial Sex trade prostitution and pornography Domestic servitudeDomestic servitude Illegal Drug tradeIllegal Drug trade Illegal Arms tradeIllegal Arms trade 3.7 CHILD LABOR – Cont’d: AND much more……!

WHERE VICTIMS ARE EXPLOITED  Restaurants  Nail salons  Factories  Private residences  Cantinas/Bars  Massage parlors  Escort services  Sexually oriented businesses

37 MASSAGE PARLORS PARLORS

MARKETING THE EXPLOITATION  Internet *  Personal ads  Business cards  Flyers  Marriage bureaus  Social Network sites

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40 Internet ads and pages are continually adapting.Internet ads and pages are continually adapting. Pressures from citizens, Attorney General’s and other organizations have forced some sites to close “ Adult Services” pagesPressures from citizens, Attorney General’s and other organizations have forced some sites to close “ Adult Services” pages

41 Traffickers continue to seek internet sites to cater to theirTraffickers continue to seek internet sites to cater to their ads.

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43 The next prostitute, exotic dancer, illegal immigrant, runaway youth, domestic servant, or migrant worker you encounter or take into custody may be a victim of human trafficking.” “The next prostitute, exotic dancer, illegal immigrant, runaway youth, domestic servant, or migrant worker you encounter or take into custody may be a victim of human trafficking.” WHO ARE THE VICTIMS?

Questions?

SOURCES All Course Sources and/or Resources are listed in your Participant Handout ADVANCED HUMAN TRAFFICKING TCOLE Course # 3271

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