3-1 Team Beginnings Chapter 3

3-2 Stages of Teamwork Group Development Perspective

3-3 Stages of Teamwork Project Development Perspective  Based on characteristics of projects  McGrath (1990) Inception Problem solving Conflict resolution Execution  New product teams (Ancona & Caldwell,1990) Creation Development Diffusion

3-4 Stages of Teamwork Cyclical Perspective  Marks, Mathieu, and Zacarro (2001) Temporal cycles Action, interpersonal, and transition cycles  Gersick (1988) Punctuated Equilibrium

3-5 Stages of Teamwork Implications of Team Development Stages  Stage theories do not always apply  Emotional highs/lows are normal  Developing the group is important  Times of lower task performance are normal

3-6 Group Socialization Process by which a person becomes a member of the group Evaluation and commitment from both sides Stages:  Investigation  Socialization  Maintenance

3-6 Group Socialization Teams constantly changing  Flash teams Positive and negative effects of turnover in teams Focus on team roles rather than team members

3-7 Team Goals Value and Characteristics of Goals  Value: Direction Motivation  Good goals are: Clear Specific Measurable Moderately difficult Involve team participation

3-8 Team Goals

3-9 Team Goals Hidden Agendas  Types: Motivational Directional  Result is damaged trust  Better dealt with indirectly Focus on group goals Correct communication problems

3-10 Group Norms Ground rules that define appropriate and inappropriate behavior in a group  Implicit  Explicit Functions  Express central values  Help coordinate activities  Define appropriate behavior  Create distinctive identity

3-11 Group Norms How Norms are Formed  Usually unconscious and gradual over time  Based on: Past groups, outside standards, early group behavior Impact of Group Norms  Fairer communication  Maintain respect  Distribute power  Enforce conformity  Hawthorne studies

3-12 Application: Jump-Starting Project Teams Team Warm-Ups  Develop social relations Project Definitions and Planning  Help form mental model and effective behavior Team Contract  Plans for how the team will manage its teamwork activities

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3-16 Activity Continued