What is a Runway Incursion? n Any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, person or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing, or intending to land.

Types of Runway Incursions n Vehicle or Pedestrian Deviations n Operational Errors n Operational Deviations n Pilot Deviations

Dangerous Trends?

Who gets involved? n Day VMC – General Aviation (non commercial) pilots Night or IMC Controllers Corporate Pilots Air Carrier Pilots

Factors that contribute to incursions. n Pride n Awareness n Airport Signage n Aircraft Lighting n Communications n Ground Navigation n Internal Procedures n Failure to comply expeditiously

Pride n The unwillingness to accept that you have made an error or that you need help can be a major source of embarrassing episodes but can also lead to tragedy.

Awareness n Know what is going on around you. n Listen to all communications n Be aware of unusual situations n Are you really ready?

Internal Procedures n Some airlines have a checklist performed when an aircraft is cleared for takeoff or when told to taxi into position and hold.

Airport signage n The Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) now has color examples of airport signage. Without this knowledge, it may be very confusing as to the route you must take.

Aircraft lighting n Be conspicuous n Busy airports and surrounding lighting. n Worried about saving money on equipment. n Runways

Communications n Two way radio communications n Importance of understanding n Busy times and readback n Language

Ground navigation n Just as you use a chart in flying IFR or VFR to your destination, you should use an airport diagram to navigate on the airport.

Failure to comply expeditiously n LAHSO n Same runway operations n Crossing runway operations without LAHSO

RUNWAY INCURSION ANIMATION ACTION!

Orlando Int’l Airport Air Transat 545 Comair 5053 Spirit 750

Orlando Int’l Airport Air Transat 545 Comair 5053 Spirit 750

Orlando Int’l Airport Air Transat 545 Comair 5053 Spirit 750

Orlando Int’l Airport Comair 5053 Spirit 750 Air Transat 545 N733H

Orlando Int’l Airport Comair 5053 Spirit 750 Air Transat 545 N733H

Orlando Int’l Airport Comair 5053 Spirit 750 Air Transat 545 N733H

Orlando Int’l Airport Comair 5053 Spirit 750 Air Transat 545 N733H

Orlando Int’l Airport Comair 5053 Spirit 750 N733H

Orlando Int’l Airport Comair 5053 Spirit 750 N733H

Orlando Int’l Airport Comair 5053 Spirit 750 N733H

Orlando Int’l Airport Comair 5053 Spirit 750 N733H N4CS

Orlando Int’l Airport Comair 5053 Spirit 750 N4CS

Orlando Int’l Airport Comair 5053 Spirit 750 N4CS

Orlando Int’l Airport Comair 5053 Spirit 750 N4CS

ANY QUESTIONS

I Have Some For You!!!

You are at Orlando International and ready for takeoff on runway 18R. You call the tower advising that you are ready and the tower replies, Cutlass niner three four six Delta, Orlando Tower, hold short runway one eight right, traffic heavy Boeing seven forty seven, one mile final. How should you acknowledge this?

n A. Cutlass four six Delta, roger. n B. Cutlass four six Delta, holding short. n C. No reply is necessary. n D. Cutlass four six Delta, I can take an immediate departure. n E. None of the above.

n A. Cutlass four six Delta, roger. n B. Cutlass four six Delta, holding short. n C. No reply is necessary. n D. Cutlass four six Delta, I can take an immediate departure. n E. None of the above.

n Even though answer “B” seems to be correct, the controller handbook specifies that controllers must request a read back of runway hold short instructions when it is not received from the pilot. If you use answer “B”, the controller may accept it because of frequency congestion, but then carefully watch you to make sure you don’t move. So, it is best to state the runway in reading back those instructions.

What does this sign mean? n A. The boundary of the ILS protection area n B. Railroad crossing ahead n C. Area on ramp to designate a Pedestrian crossing ahead n D. The boundary of the runway protected area

What does this sign mean? n A. The boundary of the ILS protection area n B. Railroad crossing ahead n C. Area on ramp to designate a Pedestrian crossing ahead n D. The boundary of the runway protected area

You call for taxi instructions from the west ramp at Orlando Executive Airport. Ground control says, “November zero Golf Oscar, runway two five, taxi via Golf, Juliett and Alpha, hold short of runway one three”. How should you respond?

n A. November zero Golf Oscar, runway two five, taxi via Golf, Juliett and Alpha. n B. November zero Golf Oscar, hold short of runway one three. n C. November zero Golf Oscar, runway two five n D. November zero Golf Oscar, runway two five, hold short of runway one three n E. Nothing, because the controller doesn’t know what he is talking about.

n A. November zero Golf Oscar, runway two five, taxi via Golf, Juliett and Alpha. n B. November zero Golf Oscar, hold short of runway one three. n C. November zero Golf Oscar, runway two five n D. November zero Golf Oscar, runway two five, hold short of runway one three n E. Nothing, because the controller doesn’t know what he is talking about.

n You may think that answer “E” is correct but actually answer “D” is the most correct. Pilots must state their assigned takeoff runway and any runway hold short instructions.

What does this sign mean? n A. Coming up to the intersection of Taxiway Bravo n B. Only big airplanes allowed n C. Designated Bird Sanctuary n D. You are on Taxiway Bravo

What does this sign mean? n A. Coming up to the intersection of Taxiway Bravo n B. Only big airplanes allowed n C. Designated Bird Sanctuary n D. You are on Taxiway Bravo

n You are flying a C172 into a busy airport. The controller instructed you to follow a PA32 on a two mile final and you that you are cleared to land. When you are short final, you notice that the PA32 has missed the first taxiway and has a few hundred feet to go to the next taxiway that is 5,000 ft. down the runway. The tower is very busy, there is constant chatter on the frequency and you can’t get a word in. What should you do?

n A. Key up your microphone until everyone is tired of the squealing and quits talking. n B. Transmit on the emergency frequency to the tower to verify landing clearance. n C. Go around n D. Overfly the PA32 and then land on the remaining length. n E. Continue to land

n A. Key up your microphone until everyone is tired of the squealing and quits talking. n B. Transmit on the emergency frequency to the tower to verify landing clearance. n C. Go around n D. Overfly the PA32 and then land on the remaining length. n E. Continue to land

Yes, it is possible and legal to have more than one aircraft on the runway at the same time. There are many rules that say when this can happen but that is the controllers job….to know when the appropriate separation minimums exist. If they are not, then you will hear that phrase, “GO AROUND”

What does this sign mean? n A. You are on RWY 4-22 n B. You have 4 thousand, 220 ft. to go to the runway n C. This is the hold short point for runway 4-22 n D. Maintenance forgot to take the sign down after April 22nd.

What does this sign mean? n A. You are on RWY 4-22 n B. You have 4 thousand, 220 ft. to go to the runway n C. This is the hold short point for runway 4-22 n D. Maintenance forgot to take the sign down after April 22nd.

What can you do to help?

n Review airport layouts as part of preflight planning, during cruise, before descent and while taxiing. n Know and understand airport signage. n Read back all runway crossing and/or hold short instructions.

n Review NOTAMS for runway/taxiway closures and construction notices. n Request progressive taxi instructions when unsure of the taxi route. n Check traffic before entering any runway or taxiway. n When calling tower for takeoff clearance from an intersection, always state which intersection you are at.

n Turn on aircraft lights while taxiing. n Clear the active runway on rollout as quickly as possible, then wait for taxi instructions before further movement. n Study and use proper phraseology found in the Aeronautical Information Manual when responding to radio instructions. n Visit a control tower.

For more information n Try AOPA on the internet at – n Aeronautical Information Manual

For more information n Runway Safety Program –

QUESTIONS ?

I hope you enjoyed this! n Comments or compliments may be sent to: Orlando International Tower Attn: Craig Chandler 9399 Airport Blvd. Orlando, Florida , or by at The period between the name is required!

I hope you enjoyed this! n Any negative comments may be sent to: Orlando International Tower c/o Rick Crose 9399 Airport Blvd. Orlando, Florida , or by at The period between the name is required!

THANK YOU