Chapter 20: Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 20: Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America 1550-1789 Section 4: The Enlightenment (494-496)

Philosophes Critics of society The Encyclopedia Attacked the church, the government, the slave trade, torture, taxes, and war

The philosophes based their ideas about government on classical Greece and Roman “Gov”

John Locke Individual not give up all rights They kept right to live, enjoy liberty, and to own property

John Locke (con’t) Two Treatises on Government Government to protect our rights Ruler should not have absolute power

Thomas Hobbes English Philosopher Leviathan Leader had absolute power People acted from self-interest and without regard for the rights and welfare of others

Thomas Hobbes (con’t) Only strong would survive unless order was imposed by a greater power of a ruler

Baron de Montesquieu System of checks and balances Three branches (executive, legislative, and judicial)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Social Contract Popular Sovereignty Government created and controlled by the people

Mary Wollstonecraft Early spokesperson for women’s rights