Thomas Hobbes ( ) Moral and political philosopher Theorist of absolute rule, the disintegration of social and political order. Author of The Leviathan (1651) and The Behemoth (1668; published in 1681 posthumously)
Oliver Cromwell ( ) Political and military leader of Parliamentary forces against Charles I Limited measures for religious toleration Conflicts with Scotland and Ireland Opposition to his rule: Levellers, Diggers, Quakers, Fifth Monarchy Men Lord Protector ( ) -- martial law and puritanical rule Restoration of the monarchy, 1660
John Locke ( ) English social and political philosopher Author of Two Treatises of Government (1680) and A Letter Concerning Toleration (1685) Major intellectual contributions to Western Civilization: * argument for the separation of church and state * concept of “civil society” * subjective understanding of religious faith