The Age of Exploration MA.A.2.4.2; SS.D.2.4.6; LA.A.2.4.8; SS.A.3.4.3; SS.B.2.4.6; SS.B.2.4.3; SS.B.2.4.5

There is a world outside the Mediterranean? Europeans begin to travel further than just the Mediterranean region Marco Polo, writes The Travels, about his journey to China –Many Europeans read Polo’s account Ottoman Empire prevents Europeans from traveling East by land, a sea route to E. Asia needed Europeans begin to travel further than just the Mediterranean region Marco Polo, writes The Travels, about his journey to China –Many Europeans read Polo’s account Ottoman Empire prevents Europeans from traveling East by land, a sea route to E. Asia needed

Why Explore? Why Expand? European nations wanted to grow more trade with Asia: –Spices from Arab middlemen= $$$$ –Gold, finding mythical “El Dorado” Desire to spread religion Desire to make self and nation look better to others by growing in wealth and spreading faith Three Reasons For European Expansion:”God, Glory and Gold” European nations wanted to grow more trade with Asia: –Spices from Arab middlemen= $$$$ –Gold, finding mythical “El Dorado” Desire to spread religion Desire to make self and nation look better to others by growing in wealth and spreading faith Three Reasons For European Expansion:”God, Glory and Gold”

Europe Stretches Her Legs 1420: Portugal explores Africa’s west coast; ordered by Prince Henry the Navigator –Gold found on Africa’s Gold Coast First Bartholomeu Dias, then Vasco da Gama sail around the Cape of Good Hope –Da Gama brings spice from Calicut, makes several 1,000% Many Portuguese follow same route 1420: Portugal explores Africa’s west coast; ordered by Prince Henry the Navigator –Gold found on Africa’s Gold Coast First Bartholomeu Dias, then Vasco da Gama sail around the Cape of Good Hope –Da Gama brings spice from Calicut, makes several 1,000% Many Portuguese follow same route

Trade Battles Spice Up Portuguese send warships to take control of trade routes from Muslim ships –1590: Portuguese ships defeat combined Turkish/Indian forces –Admiral Afonso de Albuquerque est. Port of Goa on India’s west coast Portugal colonize Melaka –From Melaka travel to China and Spice Islands Portugal est. small trading empire Portuguese send warships to take control of trade routes from Muslim ships –1590: Portuguese ships defeat combined Turkish/Indian forces –Admiral Afonso de Albuquerque est. Port of Goa on India’s west coast Portugal colonize Melaka –From Melaka travel to China and Spice Islands Portugal est. small trading empire

“Discovery” of America Portugal reaches Spice Islands by sailing east, Spain sails west 1492: Italian Christopher Columbus convinces Queen Isabella of Spain to fund voyage –Reaches Cuba & Hispañola, eventually explores all Caribbean islands and Honduras –Thought he was exploring The Indies Portugal reaches Spice Islands by sailing east, Spain sails west 1492: Italian Christopher Columbus convinces Queen Isabella of Spain to fund voyage –Reaches Cuba & Hispañola, eventually explores all Caribbean islands and Honduras –Thought he was exploring The Indies

Stay Out Of My Yard! Treaty of Tordesillas: Spain & Portugal draw “Line of Demarcation” running north-south through the Atlantic and S. Amer. –Portugal’s land= east of line (Africa) –Spain’s land= west of line (Most of America) More Europeans believe Columbus had found totally new continent; not Asia Treaty of Tordesillas: Spain & Portugal draw “Line of Demarcation” running north-south through the Atlantic and S. Amer. –Portugal’s land= east of line (Africa) –Spain’s land= west of line (Most of America) More Europeans believe Columbus had found totally new continent; not Asia

On Your Mark, Set, Go… John Cabot: Venetian man, explores New England coast for England Pedro Cabral: claims Brazil for Portugal Amerigo Vespucci:writes letters about what he saw in New World –New World renamed “America” after Vespucci’s letters New World to Europeans= Home to Native Americans John Cabot: Venetian man, explores New England coast for England Pedro Cabral: claims Brazil for Portugal Amerigo Vespucci:writes letters about what he saw in New World –New World renamed “America” after Vespucci’s letters New World to Europeans= Home to Native Americans

Spanish Conquest Conquistadors: Spanish conquerors of America –Hernan Cortez defeats mighty Aztecs in just three years –1550: Spain controls Mexico Francisco Pizarro: takes control of Inca Empire in S.A. Andes Mts. Spanish have tight control of L.A. –Queen Isabella issues encomienda, the right to use Natives as slaves Conquistadors: Spanish conquerors of America –Hernan Cortez defeats mighty Aztecs in just three years –1550: Spain controls Mexico Francisco Pizarro: takes control of Inca Empire in S.A. Andes Mts. Spanish have tight control of L.A. –Queen Isabella issues encomienda, the right to use Natives as slaves

Spain & The Native Americans Slavery, starvation and disease decimate Native populations : Population of Hispañola from 250,000 to 500 Spanish missionaries come to baptize Native Americans Spanish way of life replaces the Native American ways of living Slavery, starvation and disease decimate Native populations : Population of Hispañola from 250,000 to 500 Spanish missionaries come to baptize Native Americans Spanish way of life replaces the Native American ways of living

The Global Economy Columbian Exchange: great exchange of animals, plants, people b/w Old & New Worlds Other Europeans want in on what Spain and Portugal have –Portugal replaces Italy as main trade port of Europe –Spain grows rich with American gold England est. trade with India, Dutch East India Co. follows Columbian Exchange: great exchange of animals, plants, people b/w Old & New Worlds Other Europeans want in on what Spain and Portugal have –Portugal replaces Italy as main trade port of Europe –Spain grows rich with American gold England est. trade with India, Dutch East India Co. follows

Columbian Exchange

England & The Netherlands English Est. colonies in N.A.; Mass. Bay & Virginia Colonize East Coast of N.A. Growing French presence in Canada worries English Colonize Caribbean English Est. colonies in N.A.; Mass. Bay & Virginia Colonize East Coast of N.A. Growing French presence in Canada worries English Colonize Caribbean Dutch East India Co. West India Co. Est. colony around Hudson R. Lose New Neth. To England; renamed New York Remain in Caribbean Dutch East India Co. West India Co. Est. colony around Hudson R. Lose New Neth. To England; renamed New York Remain in Caribbean