14.1, 15.1 and 15.2 The Age of Exploration.

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Presentation transcript:

14.1, 15.1 and 15.2 The Age of Exploration

Objectives Understand European motivation for exploring the seas Analyze the results of the first encounters between the Spanish and Native Americans Understand the short and long term effects of the Spanish on the peoples of the Americas Analyze the major features of Spanish colonial society and culture

Motivations “Glory, God and Gold” Gold:Spices (Cinnamon, Pepper, nutmeg, salt) Demand had risen as population recovered Need to cut out the middle men God: Chance to crusade against heathens and spread Roman Catholic faith Glory: Renaissance spirit of inquiry and individualism

Medieval Trade Routes

Portuguese are the first Led by Prince Henry (1415-1460) Redesigned ships, made maps, trained sailors Bartholomeu Dias: Southern most tip of Africa (1488) Vasco da Gama: First to reach India; established trading in India (1498)

Innovation and Invention Maps (Cartography) Prince Henry the Navigator (Institute at Sagres) The Astrolabe (latitude) and Compass Better vessels called Caravels triangle sails, fixed rudders, wider hulls Better cannons

Christopher Columbus Spain wants in on trade profits Sail West to get East 1492 Ferdinand and Isabella give him 3 ships Depart Aug 3rd Scurvy, misery Arrive at San Salvador October 12th 1492

Dividing the World Fought over by Spain & Portugal The issue was settled by Pope Alexander VI who drew a Line of Demarcation to separate Spanish land from Portuguese land Later the Treaty of Tordsillas Port. Get Brazil

Later Spanish Explorers Amerigo Vespucci (1507) Vasco Nunez De Balboa (1513) Pacific Ocean Juan Ponce De Leon Florida/Fountain of Youth Francisco De Coronado (1540) 7 cities of Gold/Grand Canyon Hernando De Soto (1541) Mississippi River

Ferdinand Magellan September 1519 set out for a 2 year voyage to circumnavigate Portuguese but working for Spain 5 ships 285 men November 1520 3 ships enter the Strait of Magellan and sail into the Pacific Ocean March 1521 reach the Philippines Magellan killed September 8th 1522 18 men and 1 ship return home

Conquistadors Spanish conquistadors (conquers) attacked the natives in the Caribbean Found enormous amounts of Gold and silver Forced the natives to convert to Christianity and work for them Hernan Cortes defeated the Aztecs (Montezuma) in Mexico Francisco Pizarro defeated the Incas (Atahualpa) in Peru

The Spanish Model of Colonization Policies Viceroys (royal governors provide tight control) No women except natives = mestizo Wealth based on exploitation of natives and then Africans (by 1542)

The Northwest Passage 1497 John Cabot sent by Henry VIII to look for a way over N. America to the East Newfoundland 1535 Jacques Cartier and Samuel De Champlain (France) Henry Hudson 1609 had claimed New Amsterdam for the Dutch

English, French and Dutch Explorers Date Country Discovery John Cabot 1497 England New England Coast (Grand banks) Jacques Cartier 1534 France St. Lawrence River Samuel De Champlain 1603 Founded Quebec Henry Hudson 1609 Netherlands Hudson Bay New York