Perubahan bahan genetik: Mutasi What is a Mutation? A mutation : a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations in a gene's DNA sequence can.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Activity Evolution: a change in populations over successive generations. Complete an Evidence Summary Chart as a class. Identify one pro (positive) and.

Advertisements

Mutations. DNA mRNA Transcription Introduction of Molecular Biology Cell Polypeptide (protein) Translation Ribosome.

Transcription and Translation

What happens when we change DNA? MUTATIONS.  What do you think a mutation is?  What happens to you during a mutation? MUTATIONS.

Translating the Genetic Code Gene expression part 3.

FEATURES OF GENETIC CODE AND NON SENSE CODONS

What is a Mutation?. change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information. Mutation:

The Code of Life: Topic 3 Gene expression (protein synthesis)

Evidence for Evolution Area: Embryology Examples: embryo of pig and human Pro: best evidence because it is the most fundamental or basic information Vocabulary:embryo.

12.4 Mutations. Complete the 2 tables on the first page of your handout. Try this without using your notes first and only refer to your notes on transcription.

7. Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Code a). Overview of translation i). Requirements for protein synthesis ii). messenger RNA iii). Ribosomes and polysomes.

Mutations. Mutation  Permanent changes or errors in a DNA sequence  Copied during DNA replication  Therefore heritable  OR may occur during transcription.

1 Unit 4 The Code of Life. 2 Topic 3 Gene Expression.

Mutations -Start a New Page -Add it to your TOC. Thesunwashotbuttheo ldmandidnotgethishat. This is (kind of) like a strand of DNA. Each letter represents.

GENE MUTATIONS.

Big Trouble in Small Packages MUTATIONS. What is a “mutation”? A permanent change in the genetic code. A “grey factor” mutantA “comic factor” mutant.

Mutations. What is a mutation? b Changes in the DNA sequence that affect genetic information Normal: Thesunwashotbuttheoldmandidnotgethishat. The sun.

Study the diagram below and be prepared to answer the following questions: What processes are represented by the 1, 2 and 3 in the diagram? What processes.

Journal 5-6: A Closer Look at Protein Synthesis And Review of Journal 5-5.

Cell Division and Gene Expression

Genetic Mutations Good, bad or neutral?.

13-3 Mutations Can be good, bad or nothing!!. What is a mutation? The word is Latin for “to change”. There are 2 types: – 1) Single gene changes – 2)

DNA & Translation.

Chapter 14 Genetic Code and Transcription. You Must Know The differences between replication (from chapter 13), transcription and translation and the.

Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein. Protein Synthesis  The information content of DNA  Is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides along the DNA.

GENE REGULATION Gene regulation: The ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed in response to the environment.

Mutations Introduction Every normal cell carries a full complement of genetic material A mutation can occur in: –a somatic (body) cell (aren’t passed.

the Genetic Code Shown as mRNA 5′ → 3′ 64 codons Redundant

Mutations in DNA changes in the DNA sequence that can be inherited can have negative effects (a faulty gene for a trans- membrane protein leads to cystic.

1 Genetic code: Def. Genetic code is the nucleotide base sequence on DNA ( and subsequently on mRNA by transcription) which will be translated into a sequence.

©1998 Timothy G. Standish From DNA To RNA To Protein Timothy G. Standish, Ph. D.

Parts is parts…. AMINO ACID building block of proteins contain an amino or NH 2 group and a carboxyl (acid) or COOH group PEPTIDE BOND covalent bond link.

Mutation: The Source of Genetic Variation Chapter 11.

Mutations Csaba Bödör, Semmelweis University, 1 st Dept. of Pathology.

DNA Mutations. Remember that during DNA replication, the DNA makes an exact copy of itself before it divides. DNA replication is not always accurate.

Chapter 10 Mutations Student Mutations can change the meaning of genes  A mutation is any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.  Mutations.

Mutation. What you need to know How alteration of chromosome number or structurally altered chromosomes can cause genetic disorders How point mutations.

DNA Mutations. Base Substitution: A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (switch A with a G) 1. changes a codon to one that.

DNA/GENE MUTATIONS.

Gene Mutations.

DNA & Translation.

DNA & Translation.

Gene Mutations.

Do Now: Write the questions and answer them on page ___.

11/29-Don’t Forget About Snork!!

Types of Mutations.

What is Transcription and who is involved?

Gene Mutations.

Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information

Gene Mutations Essential Question: How do changes in the DNA nucleotide sequence affect the resulting protein?

Menus Have you ever ordered something from a fast food restaurant and the order turned out to be incorrect? What lead to that error?

Lecture:11 Dr.Q.M.I.Haq.

Mutations. Mutations Mutation A permanent, heritable change in the DNA of an organism. One or several nucleotides can be added, deleted, or replaced.

Methods used to study mutations

Translating the Genetic Code

Entry Task Apply: Suppose a template strand of DNA had the following sequence: DNA: T A C G G A T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A What would.

Do Now What is the central dogma of biology?

DNA MUTATIONS A mutation is a change in the DNA code.

Using The Genetic Code.

Warm Up 3 2/5 Can DNA leave the nucleus?

Central Dogma and the Genetic Code

Mutation Notes.

DNA to proteins.

Mutations in DNA.

Genetic Mutations.

Presentation transcript:

Perubahan bahan genetik: Mutasi What is a Mutation? A mutation : a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations in a gene's DNA sequence can alter the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene. How does this happen? Like words in a sentence, the DNA sequence of each gene determines the amino acid sequence for the protein it encodes. The DNA sequence is interpreted in groups of three nucleotide bases, called codons. Each codon specifies a single amino acid in a protein.

Mutate a sentence! We can think about the DNA sequence of a gene as a sentence made up entirely of three-letter words. In the sequence, each three-letter word is a codon, specifying a single amino acid in a protein. Have a look at this sentence: Thesunwashotbuttheoldmandidnotgethishat If you were to split this sentence into individual three-letter words, you would probably read it like this: The sun was hot but the old man did not get his hat.

The sun was hot but the old man did not get his hat. This sentence represents a gene. Each letter corresponds to a nucleotide base, and each word represents a codon. What if you shifted the three-letter "reading frame?" You would end up with T hes unw ash otb utt heo ldm and idn otg eth ish at.

Or Th esu nwa sho tbu tth eol dma ndi dno tge thi sha t. As you can see, only one of these three "reading frames" translates into an understandable sentence. In the same way, only one three-letter reading frame within a gene codes for the correct protein. Now, going back to the original sentence: Thesunwashotbuttheoldmandidnotgethishat See how you can mutate the reading frame of this sentence by inserting or deleting letters within the sentence. It's easy to make mutations that create "nonsense" sentences.

Mutasi Genotype Phenotype Mutasi Point mutation Isolation of mutant

Notasi  Pheontype : Phe - : tidak mampu mensintesis phenylaanine Lac + : mampu menggunakan laktosa sebagai sumber karbon  Genotype: pheA :gen yang mengkode sintesis Phe lacZ : gen yang mengkode kemampuan menggunakan laktosa

Mutasi Mutation: any change in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA in cell change the phenotype silent (non essential, non-coding part of genome) Point mutation: the change in the DNA sequence range of a single base

Point mutation 1.Samesense mutation: same amino acid inserted 2.Mis-sense mutation: different amino acid inserted 3.Non-sense mutation: the creation of a termination codon- protein synthesis stops. 4.Frame shift mutation: from a point that a nucleotide is inserted or deleted the amino acids are altered.

1.Same sense mutation 5’AUG CCU UCA AGA UGU GGG CAA-3’ Met Pro Ser Arg Cys Gly Gln  5’AUG CCU UCA AGA UGU GGA CAA-3’ Met Pro Ser Arg Cys Gly Gln

2.Mis-sense mutatio 5’AUG CCU UCA AGA UGU GGG CAA-3’ Met Pro Ser Arg Cys Gly Gln  5’AUG CCU UCA GGA UGU GGG CAA-3’ Met Pro Ser Gly Cys Gly Gln

3. Non-sense mutation: the creation of a termination codon- protein synthesis stops. 5’AUG CCU UCA AGA UGU GGG CAA-3’ Met Pro Ser Arg Cys Gly Gln  5’AUG CCU UCA AGA UGA GGG CAA-3’ Met Pro Ser Arg Stop

Frame shift mutation: 5’AUG CCU UCA AGA UGU GGG CAA-3’ Met Pro Ser Arg Cys Gly Gln  deletion 5’AUG CCU UCA AG UGU GGG CAA-3’ Met Pro Ser Arg Cys Gly Gln  5’AUG CCU UCA AGU GUG GGC AA-3’ Met Pro Ser Ser Val Gly etc.