Protein Synthesis Building protein from DNA in cells Takes code on basepai rs Converts it to Turned into

Review Proteins - long chains of amino acids Order of amino acids important because which in turn determine the function or job of protein it determine the shape of protein

Protein

Single strand of nucleotides Differences w/ DNA nucleotide URACIL replaces thymine

Complimentary bases in RNA 1. cytosine & guanine 2. adenine & uracil

3 types of RNA in protein syn. 1. mRNA - messenger RNA 2. tRNA - transfer RNA Straight single strand of RNA Club shaped - transport amino acids 3. rRNA - ribosomal RNA - help link amino acids together

3 steps protein synthesis 1. Transcription - DNA  mRNA 2. Translation - tRNA reads mRNA 3. Linking - amino acids linked together

Step 1 - Transcription code form DNA used to form mRNA in nucleus DNA unzipped - base pairs read Complimentary RNA nucleotides - form mRNA

Step 1 - Transcription

Original DNA C A T T C A G A C mRNA formed G U A Code is stored - groups of 3 nucleotide basepairs - called a CODON A G UC U G codon

Step 2 - Translation mRNA enters cytoplasm & ribosomes read codons on mRNA

Step 2 - Translation

tRNA - carry amino acids has special region - ANTI-CODON -- 3 nucleotides nucleotides complimentary to codons on mRNA determine amino acid tRNA carries

mRNA G U A A G U C U G codon 1codon 2codon 3 tRNA C A U anti-codon 1 U C A anti- codon 2 G A C anti- codon 3

Step 3 - Linking Amino acids brought to ribosome by tRNA - linked together

tRNA w/ complimentary anti- codon - fits into ribosome - drops off amino acid attached & links to protein chain

mRNA G U A A G U C U G codon 1codon 2codon 3 tRNA C A U anti-codon 1 U C A anti- codon 2 G A C anti- codon 3 Amino acid Valine (Val) Serine (Ser) Leucine (Leu)

STOP codon - on mRNA - stops linking amno acids START codon - start linking amino acids