Internet Access to Census Migration and Journey-to-Work Data John Stillwell and Oliver Duke-Williams Centre for Computational Geography University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT Paper presented at the 32 nd Annual Conference of the Regional Science Association International British and Irish Section (Session on Migration Analysis) Dudley Hotel, Brighton and Hove, August 2002
Focus The provision and development of a Census Interaction Data Service (CIDS)The provision and development of a Census Interaction Data Service (CIDS) The development of a web-based information system (WICID) that allows researchers to extract data on interaction flows between sets of origins and destinationsThe development of a web-based information system (WICID) that allows researchers to extract data on interaction flows between sets of origins and destinations
Presentation The challenge: aims and objectivesThe challenge: aims and objectives Census-based interaction data setsCensus-based interaction data sets System architectureSystem architecture Metadata structureMetadata structure Features of the interfaceFeatures of the interface Some examples of data extraction and analysisSome examples of data extraction and analysis Conclusions - next stepsConclusions - next steps
Acknowledgements Funded by ESRC and JISC under the 2001 Census of Population ProgrammeFunded by ESRC and JISC under the 2001 Census of Population Programme (Award number H ) Began: 1 August 2001Began: 1 August 2001 Ends: 31 July 2006Ends: 31 July 2006 Paul Boyle and Zhiqiang Feng, St AndrewsPaul Boyle and Zhiqiang Feng, St Andrews
The Challenge To increase the use of the Origin- Destination (interaction) data sets that will be produced as outputs from the 2001 UK CensusTo increase the use of the Origin- Destination (interaction) data sets that will be produced as outputs from the 2001 UK Census (as well as the equivalent special migration and commuting data sets produced from 1991 and 1981 Censuses)
Objectives To provide users with access to existing census based interaction data sets (for 1991 and 1981) via the InternetTo provide users with access to existing census based interaction data sets (for 1991 and 1981) via the Internet To maintain and develop an ‘user-friendly’ interface for query building and data extractionTo maintain and develop an ‘user-friendly’ interface for query building and data extraction To develop a flexible system that allows new data sets (e.g Census interaction data) to be added without any major system redesignTo develop a flexible system that allows new data sets (e.g Census interaction data) to be added without any major system redesign
Objectives To allow users the option of constructing queries that involve the selection of origin and destination areas at different spatial scalesTo allow users the option of constructing queries that involve the selection of origin and destination areas at different spatial scales To produce a library of popular sub-sets of interaction data for quick extraction and downloadingTo produce a library of popular sub-sets of interaction data for quick extraction and downloading To provide facilities to download the data in alternative formatsTo provide facilities to download the data in alternative formats
Interaction Data Sets for 1991 Original data sets SMS Set 1 (2 tables, 12 counts, wards)SMS Set 1 (2 tables, 12 counts, wards) SMS Set 2 (12 tables, 93 counts, districts)SMS Set 2 (12 tables, 93 counts, districts) SWS Set C (9 tables, 274 counts, wards)SWS Set C (9 tables, 274 counts, wards) Table 100 (2 tables, 47 counts, districts)Table 100 (2 tables, 47 counts, districts) Derived data sets SMS Set 1 Tables 3-10 (adjusted by Rees and Duke-Williams) so-called SMSGAPSSMS Set 1 Tables 3-10 (adjusted by Rees and Duke-Williams) so-called SMSGAPS SMS Set 1 Table 3 (adjusted by Simpson and Middleton) so called SMS-MIGPOPSMS Set 1 Table 3 (adjusted by Simpson and Middleton) so called SMS-MIGPOP
Interaction Data Sets for SMS Set 2 (Male and female migrants between wards in 1991)1981 SMS Set 2 (Male and female migrants between wards in 1991) 1981 SWS Set C (Five tables counts - of journey to work flows between wards in 1991)1981 SWS Set C (Five tables counts - of journey to work flows between wards in 1991) all re-estimated for 1991 ward geography by Boyle and Feng as part of a Census Development Programme projectall re-estimated for 1991 ward geography by Boyle and Feng as part of a Census Development Programme project
System Architecture
Metadata Structure
CIDS Homepage
Features of the WICID Interface Login in screen
General Query Screen
Area Selection Tools
List Area Selection Tool
Data Selection Tools
Data Selection Options
Table Selection for 1991 SMS 2
Variable Selection with Table 4 of the 1991 SMS 2
Off the shelf facility
Data extraction
WICID Output Planner
WICID Output Previewer
Some examples of data extraction What were the migrant flows to Brighton from elsewhere in ? Need to design a set of zones that are suitable: - districts in Sussex - counties in SE - other GB regions - NI and Eire - overseas
Query: Extraction of SMS data on migration to Brighton,
Migration flows to Brighton,
Query: SMS data on age-specific migration to Brighton from rest of GB and from overseas,
Age profiles of in-migrants to Brighton from rest of GB and from overseas,
Query: Students aged with term-time residence in Sussex and usual residence by county
Source: 1991 Census Crown Copyright: ESRC/JISC Purchase Main county origins with term-time addresses in Sussex Main county origins with term-time addresses in Sussex
Source: 1991 Census Crown Copyright: ESRC/JISC Purchase Main county destinations of students with term-time address outside Sussex Main county destinations of students with term-time address outside Sussex
Query: Migration flows in life course ages for DTLR modelling system Query: Migration flows in life course ages for DTLR modelling system
Spatial Interaction Modelling Power function model: Exponential function model:
Decay parameters and mean migration distances
Parameters and MMLs for matrices that exclude intra-area flows Parameters and MMLs for matrices that include intra-area flows
Social structure of Leeds and surrounding districts using 1991 SWS
Query: Journey to work flows between zones by social class, 1991
Social class structure of commuters in Leeds and between Leeds and surrounding districts, 1991 Source: 1991 Census Crown Copyright: ESRC/JISC Purchase
Source: 1991 Census Crown Copyright: ESRC/JISC Purchase Proportions of commuters to Central Leeds from other wards and surrounding districts by social class, 1991 Professional Managerial and Technical
Source: 1991 Census Crown Copyright: ESRC/JISC Purchase Skilled Non-manual Skilled Manual
Source: 1991 Census Crown Copyright: ESRC/JISC Purchase Partly Skilled Unskilled
Conclusions/Next steps CIDS now up and runningCIDS now up and running Flexible metadata structure of WICID will allow 2001 Census results to be included in the systemFlexible metadata structure of WICID will allow 2001 Census results to be included in the system WICID will be used to verify the 2001 data in 2003WICID will be used to verify the 2001 data in 2003 Mapping option for geographical area selection now being developedMapping option for geographical area selection now being developed Analysis and modelling facilities intended but raise difficult questionsAnalysis and modelling facilities intended but raise difficult questions