GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 1 Working meeting in Cyprus March 2004

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 2 Objectives of the workshop: Development of a common understanding of the double approach of Gender equality among partners of Diaplus Sensitizing partners for the gender perspective on the Diaplus modules

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 3 Amsterdam treaty Council decision: 1997 Ratification at Member State level: 1999

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 4 Art. 2: Equal opportunities for women and men as one of the objectives of the treaty (together with high employment levels: improved living standards and quality of life; social and economic cohesion) Art. 3: Gender Mainstreaming – equal opportunities to be integrated in all policy fields (encouraging both the dismantling of discrimination and the promotion of EO) Art. 13: Anti-Discrimination – EU can take action to fight discrimination on base of gender, ethnic background, religion, disability and sexual preference- To be proposed by the Commission and – after consultation of EP – agreed by the Council.

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 5 Art. 137 & Art. 141: Equal opportunities at the labour market Equal pay for comparable work Council can agree to take action to establish equal opportunities concerning the access to employment, promotion and equal pay Member States are free to implement positive actions to bridge gender gaps and desegregate the labour market

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 6 The Luxembourg Process: (1997) RFELECTING THE TWO-TRACK CONCEPT OF GENDER MAINSTREAMING THE EUROPEAN EMPLOYMENT STRATEGY (EES)

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 7 FOUR PILLARS MARKING FOUR KEY POLICY AREAS Employability Entrepreneurship Adaptability Equal opportunities (EO) EES = GUIDELINES AND NATIONAL ACTION PLANS FOR EMPLOYMENT

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 8 EO to be an integral part of all action in pillars 1-3 Pillar 4 provides for positive action to tackle gender gaps in employment, unemployment and pay; to desegregate the labour market and support reconciliation of working and family life (provision of quality care for children and other dependants; family friendly flexible work organisation; support for returners to the labour market after family break)

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 9 Annual Guidelines proposed by the Commission and agreed by European Summit Guidelines clustered according to the four pillars Guidelines include concrete targets (for instance a new start for unemployed youth within six months and for adult unemployed within 12 months) Member States drawing up NAPs Assessment by the Commission Benchmarking

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 10 Joint Employment Report Recommendations for each individual Member State 1999: for the first time: Council addresses Member States with recommendations

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin : MID-TERM REVIEW AND EVALUATION EO performance generally improved. But: Still much to be done for bridging gender gaps in employment, unemployment and pay Labour market segregation still high (particularly in Nordic countries) Except for few MS (DK, S, F) care provision unsufficient EO confined to pillar 4; Gender Mainstreaming weak or non-existent

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin : REFORM AND STREAMLINING OF EES Making the EES more performing and output-oriented (Enlargement!) Integrating policy priorities and targets that have emerged during the first period of the EES (in particular the Lisbon, Barcelona and Stockholm Summits) Linking the EES to the Broad Economic Policy Guidelines

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 13 ADOPTION OF THREE OVERARCHING OBJECTIVES Full employment Quality and productivity at work Cohesion and an inclusive labour market SIMPLIFICATION: Instead of 4 pillars and over 20 Guidelines: a structure of 10 key priorities for structural reform: “10 Commandments” Improving delivery and governance of the process

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 14 STRENGTHENING THE APPROACH OF NUMERICAL TARGETS Barcelona & Stockholm Targets: An overall employment rate of 67% in 2005 and 70% in 2010 An employment rate for women of 57% in 2005 and 60% in 2010 An employment rate of 50% for older workers in 2010 Numerical Targets are part of the 10 Policy Priorities. But: no sanctions

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 15 Priorities Targets 1Help unemployed and inactive to find a job, prevent long- term unemployment Personalised job search plan for all unemployed before fourth month of unemployment by 2005 Work experience or training for all unemployed before 12th month of unemployment (before 6th month for young and vulnerable) by % of long-term unemployed in work experience or training by 2010 THE 10 COMMANDMENTS

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 16 Priorities Targets 2Encourage entrepreneurship and improve climate for business start- ups National targets to be set for: business training; reduction of red tape for start- ups

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 17 Priorities Targets 3Promote adaptability of workers and firms to change reduction of 30% in rate of accidents at work, and a reduction of 25% for high risk sectors in each Member State by 2010

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 18 Priorities Targets 4Provide more and better investment into human capital & strategies for lifelong learning (LLL) 80% of year olds to have at least upper secondary education by 2010 increase rate of participation of adults in education and training to 15% on average in the EU, and at least 10% in every Member State by 2010 increase of investments by companies in training of adults from the existing level of equivalent to 2.3% of labour costs to 5 % on average in the EU by 2010.

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 19 Priorities Targets 5Increase labour supply and promote active ageing Increase in the effective average exit age from the labour market from 60 to 65 years on average in the EU by 2010

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 20 Priorities Targets 6Promote gender equality in employment and pay Elimination of gender gaps in employment and halving of gender pay gaps in every Member State by 2010 Childcare places available for 33% of 0- 3 year olds and 90% of those from 3 years to mandatory school age in each Member State by 2010

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 21 Priorities Targets 7Combat discrimination against disadvantaged groups Halving of the school drop-out rate in every Member State and reduction of EU average drop-out rate to 10% by 2010 Reduction by half in each Member State in the unemployment gaps for people defined as being at a disadvantage in accordance with national definitions by 2010 Reduction by half in each Member State in the employment gap between non-EU and EU nationals by 2010

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 22 Priorities Targets 8Improve financial incentives to make work pay Significant reduction of tax burden on low paid workers according to national targets by 2010

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 23 Priorities Targets 9Reduce undeclared work substantially Substantial reduction in undeclared work by 2010 in each Member State, based on improved statistical basis

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 24 Priorities Targets 10 Promote occupational and geographical mobility All job vacancies advertised by national employment services should be accessible and be able to be consulted by anyone in the EU by 2010

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 25 RECOMMENDATIONS 2003 (examples) France: lowest employment rates of older people in the EU But: high percentages of young people leaving school without qualifications high levels of structural unemployment in regional/local pockets

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 26 Therefore: personalised approaches to active measures; ensuring this is being integrated in new unemployment insurance system enhance LLL strategies in relation to both initial training and continuing education and training strengthening labour market participation of older workers, in particular through incentives to stay active and reform of early retirement systems improve social dialogue, in particular concerning active ageing and LLL

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 27 Germany: employment rate close to EU target of 67% for 2005 female employment rate exceeds 2005 target of 57% But: extremely low labour market participation of older workers lack of childcare influences women’s access to employment alarming gender pay gaps, in particular in the private sector unemployment situation deteriorating - taxes, social security contributions and benefit withdrawal are exacerbating unemployment, especially of low wage earners. Regional imbalances.

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 28 Therefore: improve job search assistance and active measures (better targeted and more needs-tailored; special attention to the new Länder remove administrative barriers and red tape to enhance job creation in services and industry; more adaptable work organisation; regulatory frameworks to stimulate employment and productivity improve LLL strategies at all levels of education system, in particular for older people and low qualified

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 29 Therefore: gender equality: remove disadvantages to women’s employment (assess and reform income tax regulation); tackle gender pay gaps; enhance childcare provision and improve correspondence to working hours making work pay: reform benefit system: incentives to take up work; legal obligation to take up work (or training) as a condition to receiving benefits

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 30 Finland: exceeds overall and female employment targets for 2005 as well as target for female employment for 2010 But: most exposed to effects of ageing population high structural unemployment in some regions in parallel to recruitment problems, indicating mismatch between demand and supply of labour high taxes, in particular, on low-paid labour high gender segregation resulting in high gender pay gap

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 31 Therefore: improve active labour market policy measures to combat structural unemployment and regional imbalance increase effective exit age of workers in line with policies for active ageing; enhancing labour supply by encouraging labour market participation through further tax and benefit reform, notably targeted at low-income earners EO: strengthen efforts – in the context of GM – to address underlying factors of gender pay gap and segregation

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 32 United Kingdom: exceeds all EU employment targets (overall, women, older workers); However: low productivity rates due to insufficient basic skills and job-quality related problems such as the gender pay gap and lack of access to training for some categories of workers possible constraint of future labour supply through rising numbers of people claiming sickness and disability benefits Unemployment well below EU average

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 33 But: remaining obstacles to labour market access in disadvantaged areas and for certain groups (lone parents, no-one in work families, ethnic minorities, male older workers, disabled and low-skilled).

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 34 Therefore: improve active measures in certain communities; special attention to working poor and inactive ensure that all able to work get incentives and opportunities to do so; reform sickness and disability benefit system gender equality: dismantle underlying factors of gender pay gap (desegregation!); improve training for low-paid women and part-time workers; improve affordable care for children and other dependants social dialogue: improve quality of work and productivity: addressing skills gaps;

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 35 STRATEGIES TO INFLUENCE NAPs find out which ministry coordinates your country’s NAP and ensure that the portfolio responsible for EO proposes to integrate your good practice into NAP lobby key-players involved in drawing up NAP to raise their awareness and to solicit support for integrating good practice generated by your DP inform MPs about your achievements and NAP related strategies if good practice is included in NAP: follow up the mainstreaming process and keep lobbying and pushing

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 36 You can follow the process of the EES …. lex/en/dat/2003/l_197/l_ en pdf

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 37 Gender Mainstreaming in Leonardo projects: “Promoters should aim to apply equal opportunities at all stages of their projects (design, implementation and evaluation of activities). In particular, proposals should consider how they would promote equal opportunities for men and women in training. Moreover, special attention will be given to proposals which aim to meet the training needs of people at risk of exclusion from the labour market.” rdo2/guides_de.html

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 38 GM and positive actions Positive actions: - special measures to close gender gaps from the past - reactive - „special“ target groups Gender Mainstreaming: - integrated equality policy - proactive - everybody concerned - all policy areas concerned

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 39 Commission tools for GM GM in the joint inclusion memoranda for future member states – practical guide A guide to gender impact assessment r_en.pdf _en.pdf

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 40 Procedures and methods Gender impact assessment 3-R-Method Guidelines and check lists

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 41 GM implementation Practical examles… - from Sweden - concerning the information society - concerning public and private traffic - concerning leasure time….

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 42 Implementation of GM in Diaplus Small working teams on the implementation of GM in Diaplus modules: - Imagine a gender impact assesment on career management: Please, describe (at least) 5 differences between women and men concerning career management - Imagine/remember a counselling situation with a male and a female student (both16 years old): Please, describe (at least) 5 differences you would find in skills, personal competencies, values, behaviour, attitudes

GENDER MAINSTREAMING Renate Wielpütz - FrauenComputerZentrumBerlin 43 Implementation of GM in Diaplus Have a „look“ at the IT jobs/profiles/professions in your country: Were in the IT sector are women performing? Where in the IT sector are men performing? Please, describe reasons for differences you may find!