Evolution of Logical Reasoning

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Presentation transcript:

Evolution of Logical Reasoning Lindsay Thibodeau

The Four Common Conditional Statement Forms In Logical Reasoning Rule: If P then Q (P) (not P) (Q) (not Q) -Affirming the Consequent -Denying the Antecedent First premise P Q Not P Not Q Conclusion Validity Valid Not Valid

Wason Selection Task A X 2 3 P not P Q not Q Rule If there is a vowel, there is an even number Which card(s) do you flip? Correct answer A 3 Why? If card A does not have a even number on the other side it disproves the rule. If the 3 card has a vowel an the other side it disproves the rule as well. General Stucture of the Wason Test

Example of Wason Test with a Social Contract Rule Borrowed Car Did not borrow car Filled up tank with gas Did not fill up tank with gas P not P Q not Q

General Structure of a Social Contract Problem If you take the benefit, then you must satisfy the requirement. (If P then Q ) Benefit Accepted P Benefit not accepted Not P Requirement satisfied Q Requirement not satisfied Not Q

Two Problems based on the Wason Selection Test Abstract Difficult Complex Wason Selection Test Social Easier Simple Why are we better at solving logical problems put in social perspective?

Evolutionary Perspective Cheater Detection Theory Rely on social ties to survive We live in social networks Help vs punishment Requirement of a social network Detecting cheaters Especially good at it!!!

Why are we better…… Social Problems DO NOT activate logical reasoning… Switched Format Standard format: "If you give me your watch, I will give you $100". “If I take the benefit, then I will satisfy the requirement.” (If P then Q ) Switched format: "If I give you $100, then you give me your watch" “If I satisfy the requirement, then I take the benefit.” (switched form) (If P then Q )

Why are we better cont’d… Standard Format Switched Format Benefit Accepted (she gave me her watch) P Q Requirement Not Satisfied (I gave her nothing) Not Q Not P Benefit not Accepted (I got no watch from this woman) Requirement Satisfied (I gave this woman $100) Correct Cheater Detection Answer (expressed in logical terms) P & not Q Q & not P

Thank you Questions/ Comments?????