Presenter: Bilal Gonen Simulation of Spatial Self-Organization in a Stepping Stone Environment

Outline Definition of Self-Organization Our Beetle-World experiment EvoSimulator Tool Questions & Comments

Self-Organization Self-organization is the process where a structure or pattern appears in a system without a central authority or external element imposing it through planning.

Schools of fish

Source: Experimental Evidence for Spatial Self- Organization and Its Emergent Effects in Mussel Bed Ecosystems, Johan van de Koppel, Joanna C. Gascoigne, Guy Theraulaz, Max Rietkerk, Wolf M. Mooij and Peter M. J. Herman Science 31 October 2008, Vol. 322 no pp Self-Organizing Mussels

Ant Colonies Source: Vitorino Ramos, Fernando Muge, Pedro Pina, Self-Organized Data and Image Retrieval as a Consequence of Inter- Dynamic Synergistic Relationships in Artificial Ant Colonies, in Javier Ruiz-del-Solar, Ajith Abraham and Mario Köppen (Eds.), Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, Soft Computing Systems - Design, Management and Applications, 2nd Int. Conf. on Hybrid Intelligent Systems, IOS Press, Vol. 87, ISBN , pp , Santiago, Chile, Dec initial state 2 hours later 6 hours later26 hours later

Outline Definition of Self-Organization Our Beetle-World experiment EvoSimulator Tool Questions & Comments

Parameters Number of stepping stones = 5 EvoSimulation Example

Parameters Number of stepping stones = 5 EvoSimulation Example

Parameters Number of stepping stones = 5 Number of individuals per stepping stone = 6 EvoSimulation Example

Parameters Number of stepping stones = 5 Number of individuals per stepping stone = 6 Number of alleles = 5 Number of generations = 10 EvoSimulation Example

Parameters Number of stepping stones = 5 Number of individuals per stepping stone = 6 Number of alleles = 5 Number of generations = 10 EvoSimulation Example We split the stepping stones into subdivisions based on their FST values FST (Fixation index) is a measure of population differentiation, genetic distance, based on genetic polymorphism data.

Parameters Number of stepping stones = 5 Number of individuals per stepping stone = 6 Number of alleles = 5 Number of generations = 10 EvoSimulation Example We split the stepping stones into subdivisions based on their FST values

Parameters Number of stepping stones = 5 Number of individuals per stepping stone = 6 Number of alleles = 5 Number of generations = 10 Produce offspring and put them into stepping stones EvoSimulation Example

Parameters Number of stepping stones = 5 Number of individuals per stepping stone = 6 Number of alleles = 5 Number of generations = 10 Produce offspring and put them into stepping stones EvoSimulation Example

Parameters Number of stepping stones = 5 Number of individuals per stepping stone = 6 Number of alleles = 5 Number of generations = 10 Fill Vacancies in the stepping stones EvoSimulation Example

Parameters Number of stepping stones = 5 Number of individuals per stepping stone = 6 Number of alleles = 5 Number of generations = 10 Fill Vacancies in the stepping stones EvoSimulation Example

Parameters Number of stepping stones = 5 Number of individuals per stepping stone = 6 Number of alleles = 5 Number of generations = 10 Kill parent individuals EvoSimulation Example

Parameters Number of stepping stones = 5 Number of individuals per stepping stone = 6 Number of alleles = 5 Number of generations = 10 Kill parent individuals EvoSimulation Example

Parameters Number of stepping stones = 5 Number of individuals per stepping stone = 6 Number of alleles = 5 Number of generations = 10 Grow up the children EvoSimulation Example

Parameters Number of stepping stones = 5 Number of individuals per stepping stone = 6 Number of alleles = 5 Number of generations = 10 Grow up the children EvoSimulation Example

EvoSimulation Steps Creating individuals and initializing stepping stones Grouping the stepping stonesCreating new generations Produce offspring and put them into stepping stones Fill Vacancies in the stepping stones Kill parent individuals

Grouping the stepping stones

ID: 1ID: 2ID: 3ID: 4ID: 5 Split point ID: 6ID: 7ID: 8ID: 9 Group-1Group-2 ID: 1ID: 2ID: 3ID: 4ID: 5 Split point ID: 6ID: 7ID: 8ID: 9 Group-1Group-2 ID: 1ID: 2ID: 3ID: 4ID: 5 Split point ID: 6ID: 7ID: 8ID: 9 Group-1Group-2 ID: 1ID: 2ID: 3ID: 4ID: 5ID: 6ID: 7ID: 8ID: 9 Group-1 Group-3 Let’s assume splitting between plate-5 and plate-6 gives the maximum FST. Then the result will be as below. Group-2

Outline Definition of Self-Organization Our Beetle-World experiment EvoSimulator Tool Questions & Comments

These are the default values.

Let’s change this one

Click this button

8 is the last generation

This is how the beetles are placed in the plates

This is the FST for this generation if the plates are grouped in this way

Let’s go to another generation to see how the groupings and FST changes below.

Let’s change number of groups to see how the groupings and FST changes below.

FST increased as expected.

Let’s make this 4 and 5.

This graph represents FST-Delta vs. Number of groups

Change here to see FST vs. Number of groups

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Outline Definition of Self-Organization Our Beetle-World experiment EvoSimulator Tool Questions & Comments

Questions, Comments Thank you… Web: