Advanced Piloting Course (Coastal Navigation) Chapter 1 Considerations Educational Officer – Dave West Assistant Educational Officer – David Moberg – Instructor – Art Mollica United States Power Squadrons ®

2 20’ 35’

3 FOLD BOTTOM THIRD UNDERNEATH AT 20’ MARK

4 FOLD TOP THIRD UNDERNEATH AT 35’ MARK

5 THIS IS THE AREA YOU WILL DO YOUR PLOTTING

6 COMPLETE FOLD FOR STORAGE 21.8’05.6’49.8’

7 FOLD FOREWARD AT 70 º 49.8 ’ MARK 21.8’05.6’

8 FOLD BACKWARD AT 71 º 05.6’ MARK 21.8’

9 FOLD LEFT EDGE FOREWARD AT 71 º 21.8’ MARK

Slide 10 Course Objectives  Extended Coastal / Inland Cruising  Electronic Navigation Chartplotters, Computers, Digital Charts Radar Sonar, etc.  Advanced Positioning Techniques Accuracy, Electronic Fixes Avoidance Techniques  Tidal Effects Depth, Clearance Current Effects  Adjusting for Effects of Winds and Currents

Slide 11 Precision vs. Accuracy  What You Attempt to do … vs.  What You can Expect to Realize Helmsmanship Compass Performance Boat Response to Seas Avoiding Other Boats  Accuracy Factors Plotting – 1 º is Achievable Helmsmanship – 3 º may be Practical Compass – 2 º should be Expected  Averages out to about 4 º 425 ft per nautical mile run (0.7nm per 10nm run)

Slide 12 Exercise 1 – 1 C 017M D 6.1 BB01 1.Plan to depart RW “OR” at the entrance to Oyster River. Label only the first leg. 2.Plot and label the first leg to R N “2” near Shark River. 3.Plot the second leg to waypoint BB01 (L 41 º 43.7’ N Lo 71 º 50.9’ W). 4.Plot the third leg to RN “2” at Perkins Cove. 5.Plot the return leg directly to RW “OR’.

Slide 13 Exercise 1 – 1 Leg 1: You depart RW “OR” on a clear day at 1000 with a speed on 12.0kn, but at 1010 find yourself in fog. You are able to see the light on Chapman Point, but little else. Your GPS has failed and your destination appears shrouded in fog as well. You are concerned because your next waypoint is only an unlighted buoy which you can easily miss. a. How will you navigate? b. How will you be able to check your position? C 017M D 6.1 S BB01

Slide 14 C 017M D 6.1 S C 104M S 12.0 D 6.3 BB01 Exercise 1 – 1 Leg 2: You arrive at RN “2” at 1031 and start the second leg of your cruise. You’re still in fog. Your have radar and it is operational. a. How can you use your radar to find your position?

Slide 15 Exercise 1 – 1 Leg 3: You break out of the fog and fortunately your GPS has resumed operating, so you find BB01 at You start the third leg of the cruise which appears to be clear of the fog bank. You arrive at R N “2” outside Perkins Cove at a. What are your concerns on this leg? b. How will you ensure you are clear of the ‘Foul’ area? c. How will you ensure you miss the rocks near G “5”? C 017M D 6.1 S C 104M S 12.0 D 6.3 BB C 155M S 12.0 D 9.8

Slide 16 Exercise 1 – 1 Leg 4: You begin the final leg and soon are shrouded in fog again. At 1215 you decide to check and plot your GPS position, L 41 º 36.6’ N Lo 71 º 47.5’ W. You are off your intended course. a. What could have caused this condition? b. What could you have done to prevent this? c. Can the difference between the GPS fix and your DR be used to your advantage? C 017M D 6.1 S C 104M S 12.0 D 6.3 BB C 155M S 12.0 D GPS D 12.9 D 8.6 C 287M S 12.0 C 290M S 12.0

Slide 17 Exercise 1 – 1 C 017M D 6.1 S C 104M S 12.0 D 6.3 BB C 155M S 12.0 D 9.8 D 12.9 D 8.6 C 290M S 12.0 Leg 4: Your GPS quits again, but fortunately the radar is still working. The problem is, you really don’t know exactly where you are. At Position A, you have just cleared the fog, but have not yet identified any navigation aids. You arrive at RW “OR” at a. What can you do to find your position? A GPS C 287M S 12.0

Slide 18 Electronic Navigation Primary Differences  Screen Size  Color vs. Grayscale  Processing Speeds  Features, Menus, and Controls Similarities  Most Use Vector Digital Chips  Screen Presentations  Waypoints – Routes – Planning  GPS Primary Position Sensor  Chartplotters GPS Position on Digital Chart

Slide 19 Chartplotters  Ideal for Any Size Boat Limited Space for Paper Charts  Live Navigation Waypoint; route navigation; avoidance of hazards; tides & currents; scroll ahead/check paths; harbor & marine facility data  Planning  Advantages Self-contained; marinized; sunlight readable  Disadvantages No mouse Vector charts – Limited memory

19-APR-12

CD MVTCD MVT Deviation Table (end of Chapter 7) Magnetic to CompassCompass to Magnetic MagneticDeviationCompassDeviation 000 º 1 º W000 º 1 º W 045 º 2 º W045 º 2 º W 090 º 2 º W090 º 2 º W 135 º 1 º W135 º 1 º W 180 º 0º0º 0º0º 225 º 2 º E225 º 2 º E 270 º 1 º E270 º 1 º E 315 º 1 º E315 º 1 º E 000º 1º W 180º 0º 045º 2º W 090º 2º W 135º 1º W 225º 2º E 270º 1º E 315º 1º E Applying Deviation 023º 068º 113º 158º 248º 293º 195º 210º 203º 1º E 338º 0º 330º 345º 2º W 1º W 0º 2º E 1º E 1º W 1º E 0º TVM D CTVM D C

MINUTE BREAK PLEASE TAKE YOUR SEATS

Advanced Piloting Course (Coastal Navigation) Chapter 2 Electronic Navigation Tools Educational Officer – Dave West Assistant Educational Officer – David Moberg – Instructor – Art Mollica United States Power Squadrons ®

Slide 36 Electronic Navigation Tools  Add to Your Safety, Confidence, and Comfort  Recreational Boater Basic – handheld GPS; depth sounder Advanced – radar; chartplotter; autopilot Most Advanced – on-board computer; digit charting; wind instrumentation; multi-station repeaters

Slide 37 Radar  Independent ‘Eyes’ above the Water  Extremely Capable Short Range – look for other boats  Collision Avoidance Medium Range – look for position  Determine Position Long Range – look for weather Nighttime and Reduced Visibility  GAIN – too high = cluttered display  SEA CLUTTER FILTER – reduces near-in clutter  RAIN CLUTTER FILTER – masking due to rain echoes

Slide 38 Typical Radar Screen DISPLAY RANGERING 1.5nm1 / 4nm 3nm1 / 2nm 6nm1nm 12nm2nm 18nm3nm 24nm4nm 36nm6nm 48nm8nm 60nm10nm 72nm12nm + 3nm R/R 1 / 2 H – UP AUTO M 000 º M EBL 1 VRM º R NM EBL 2 VRM º R NM CURSOR BRG 000 º RNG 00.0NM CURSOR BRG 098 º RNG 02.0NM EBL 1 VRM º R NM

Slide 39 Searchlight Principle  Any Object Behind Another is Invisible  Only Objects Actually Illuminated will Appear  Hidden Objects are in a Radar Shadow +

Slide 40 Interpreting the Display  You Move through the Water but Stay at Center of Display  Everything Else Moves on the Display  Challenge… Separate Real Moving Targets from Fixed Objects The Motion of Another Boat  Relative to You  Does Not Equal Heading of Boat Depends upon what happens  What You Do (course & speed changes)  What Other Boat Does (course & speed changes)

Slide 41 Interpreting the Display + 3nm R/R 1 / 2 H – UP AUTO M 016 º M EBL 1 VRM º R NM EBL 2 VRM º R NM CURSOR BRG 000 º RNG 00.0NM

Slide nm R/R 1 / 2 H – UP AUTO M 016 º M EBL 1 VRM º R NM EBL 2 VRM º R NM CURSOR BRG 000 º RNG 00.0NM Electronic Bearing Line 1

Slide nm R/R 1 / 2 H – UP AUTO M 016 º M EBL 1 VRM º R NM EBL 2 VRM º R NM CURSOR BRG 000 º RNG 00.0NM Electronic Bearing Line 2

Slide 44 Charting the Display 170M Radar 058M Radar

Slide 45 Vineyard Sound – Where are You + 3nm R/R 1 / 2 H – UP AUTO M 278 º M EBL 1 VRM º R NM EBL 2 VRM º R NM CURSOR BRG 000 º RNG 00.0NM

Slide 46 Vineyard Sound – Where are You

Slide 47 Depth Sounder / Sonar  Provides a ‘Picture’ of what’s Below Digital Depth Sounder  Depth to Bottom Below Transducer Fishfinder  Plot of Past Depths Below Transducer Sonar  Scanning Transducer –Look Ahead –Vertical & Horizontal Profile

Slide 48 Autopilots  Autopilot is not a Substitute for Lookout  Help Maintain Accurate Course  Reduce Fatigue on Helmsman  Heading Sensor - Fluxgate Compass

Slide 49 Other Electronics  Wind Provide Direction and Speed Compute Apparent and True  Weather Barometric Pressure  Trends Tell More than Absolutes Dew Point

Slide 50 Questions ? … Comments

Slide 51  Read Chapters 1 – 2 – 3 & 4 – Student Guide  Read Chapter 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 – Weekend Navigator  Do Chapter 1 & 2 Homework  Next Class – 26 April Homework