Serving with pride and confidence Police Professionalism and Evidence Monday 8 July 2013 Chief Constable Sara Thornton CBE QPM MSt (Cantab)

Serving with pride and confidence The Case for Professionalising the Police BBC Radio 4 ‘Any Questions?’ 2 February 2013 Ken Clarke MP

Serving with pride and confidence The Case for Professionalising the Police BBC Radio 4 ‘Any Questions?’ 2 February 2013 Ken Clarke MP

Serving with pride and confidence Shock horror: Britain less secretive than ever “In each case we have publicly funded organisations seemingly putting their own self-preservation above the needs of the people who pay their wages. In some cases they seem to have conceived of their own sectional interests as having been in some sense synonymous with the public interest. In others it looks to have been a matter of suppressing material that would have caused embarrassment.” Aaronovitch D (2013) The Times

Serving with pride and confidence “The bottom line is that maintaining police legitimacy means actively cultivating the values and ethics of policing as a profession.” The Case for Professionalising the Police Smith D (2007) Legitimacy and Criminal Justice

Serving with pride and confidence Possession and use of expert or specialist knowledge Exercise of autonomous thought and judgement Commitment to a set of principles What is a Profession? Hoyle and John (1995) Professional Knowledge and Professional Practice

Serving with pride and confidence Approaches to Professional Knowledge Classical - A broad university based education and specific expertise Trade - Practical training and building expertise through experience Technocratic - Rational, scientific approach, standardised training and formal control of entry Reflective or creative-interpretive - Learning through action and reflection, making judgments in uncertain contexts Lefter (2010) On Professions and Being Professional

Serving with pride and confidence The Case for Professionalising the Police Democratic Accountability – The link between police and civil society Legitimacy – Perception of fairness & ethical standards = compliance Evidence-Based – Building researched and tested best practice National/International Coherence – Local delivery still requires national interoperability Capable, Competent and Cost effective – Budget cuts demand efficiency and effectiveness Neyroud P (2010) Review of Police Leadership and Training

Serving with pride and confidence What Works Centres

Serving with pride and confidence Climbing the ‘what works’ ladder One-off measure No comparison site 1 Before/after measures No comparison site 2 Before/after measures Two site comparisons 3 Before/after measures Multiple site comparisons 4 Randomised controlled trials 5 Systematic Reviews (Based on level 3-5 studies) Study designs increasingly rule out potential alternative causes Statements about ‘what works’ & ‘what doesn’t Statements about ‘what’s promising’ Study designs cannot rule out potential alternative causes Statements about possible impact Context & mechanisms for change Problem solving reduces crime according to a Campbell systematic review Evidence suggests leadership training has impact for specific groups Taken together with information about implementation, this result suggests the increase could be attributed to the programme, although the influence of other factors cannot be ruled out.

Serving with pride and confidence “For the most part, managers looking to cure their organisational ills rely on obsolete knowledge they picked up in school, long- standing but never proven traditions, patterns gleaned from experience, methods they happen to be skilled in applying, and information from vendors.” Pfeffer J, Sutton R (2006), Evidence-Based Management, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 84 No. 1

Serving with pride and confidence “Evidence-based management...entails a distinct mind-set that clashes with the way many managers and companies operate. It features a willingness to put aside belief and conventional wisdom, the dangerous half- truths that many embrace, and replace these with an unrelenting commitment to gather the necessary facts to make more informed and intelligent decisions.” Pfeffer J, Sutton R (2006), Evidence-Based Management, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 84 No. 1

Serving with pride and confidence Demand evidence Examine logic Treat the organisation like an unfinished prototype Embrace the attitude of wisdom Pfeffer J, Sutton R (2006), Evidence-Based Management, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 84 No. 1

Serving with pride and confidence Police Professionalism and Evidence Monday 8 July 2013 Chief Constable Sara Thornton CBE QPM MSt (Cantab)