Standard Trace Stalin’s rise to power in the Soviet Union and the connection between economic policies, political policies, the absence of a free press, and systematic violations of human rights (e.g., the Terror Famine in Ukraine). Objective I will catalog Stalin’s rise through power through the use of totalitarianism and how he abused the Russia people. WARM UP: WHAT WAS THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION? WHAT WERE THE 8 CAUSES OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION? 8 CONSEQUENCES?

 Czar Nicholas II does a bad job.  Lenin and the Bolsheviks revolt against him and dethrone him  Bolsheviks eventually take control of Russia  Russian Civil War leads to the death of Czar Nicholas II  Lenin takes full control of Russia  Lenin dies of a stroke in RECAP

 Trotsky becomes the leader of the Bolsheviks  Russia officially renames itself Union of Soviet Socialist Republics  Bolsheviks rename themselves the Communist Party  Used the writing of Karl Marx to set up their government  After Lenin dies, Trotsky and Stalin fight for control of Russia  Stalin takes control due to his connections in the Communist party.  Takes on the name “Stalin” which means Man of Steel  Started as the General Secretary of the Communist Party  Lenin was weary of Stalin believing that he was a dangerous man  Trotsky is forced into exile in 1929 when Stalin takes full control of the Communist party. THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER

 A government that takes total, centralized state control over every aspect of public and private life.  Leaders of totalitarianism give a sense of security and direction for the future  The use of mass communication (phones, telegraphs, etc) make it possible to control all aspects of citizen’s lives.  Usually has a charismatic leader who can support his actions through use of his words  Has a secret police to crush those who oppose him  Also creates a sense of fear in his people to not rebel  Uses terror, indoctrination, propaganda, censorship and religious or ethnic persecution TOTALITARIANISM

 Use terror and violence to force people to obey their rule.  Police are used to enforce the will of the state not to protect the safety of the people  Spying on the citizens or using intimidating actions to scare them into being obedient  Can end up with the use of brutal force or murder POLICE TERROR

Indoctrination  Instruction in the government’s beliefs to mold the mind of its people  This is done through the educational system  Glorification of the leader of the state  Must give unconditional loyalty and support  Begins with young children and enforced by schools Propaganda  Used to sway people’s belief through bias or incomplete information  Must be allowed by the state  Cannot say that the information is wrong  Would be severely punished INDOCTRINATION AND PROPAGANDA

Create scapegoats (enemies of the state or people to blame) for things that were going wrong They are the target of violence and terror because they are an easy target for groups of people to hate May be forced into a certain area to live or have specific laws for only them. RELIGIOUS OR ETHNIC PERSECUTION

Q: What is totalitarianism and what are the 4 main aspects one needs in order to run a totalitarian government? A: Totalitarianism is a government that takes total, centralized state control over every aspect of public and private life. A totalitarian ruler uses terror, indoctrination, propaganda, and religious or ethnic persecution in order to rule. IN RUSSIA, QUESTION ANSWERS YOU.

 Stalin wanted to create a perfect USSR through totalitarianism  Police state  Used tanks and armored cars to stop riots  Monitored phone calls, read mail, and had spies everywhere  Children began to tell the state about things they heard at home  The secret police began to execute millions for their disobedience  The Great Purge  Eliminated anyone who opposed him in the Communist party.  Those who helped in the 1917 revolution stood trial  Sent to prison camps or labor camps for “crimes against the state”  Total control of the Communist party  8-13 million deaths QUIT STALIN, IT’S TIME TO BUILD THE USSR

 Russian propaganda and censorship  Controlled all newspapers, movies, radio, and any source of information  Would say how great Stalin was and all his accomplishments  Creative artists were censored by Stalin  Art was also used for propaganda  Education and indoctrination  Controlled all education from nursery schools to universities  Learned how great the Communist Party and Stalin was  People could not say that any information was incorrect with fear of imprisonment or death  Religious persecution  Had a group of atheists known as the League of the Militant Godless attack religion  Main target was the Russian Orthodox Church  Destroyed churches and many leaders killed or sent to labor camps STILL STALIN – CREATING THE PERFECT USSR

 He recognized that they were behind in technology and industry compared to the other countries  “we are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in ten years”  Created a command economy  A system in which the government makes all the decisions  Political leaders identify what is a need of the country and how to fulfill the need  Five years plan  Set quotas that were too hard to accomplish  Wanted to increase the production of steel, coal, oil and electricity  Did not produce goods which could be sold to the people  People began to starve and become homeless without basic needs  Although it was tough, the USSR made gains in the economy STALIN TAKES THE ECONOMY

 1928 – the government takes over 25 million farms which were privately owned  Created a collective farm  Large government owned farms  Hundreds of families would work on the farm to produce food for the state  Expectation was that with modernizing, output of food would go up  Had resistance with the wealthy peasants who were murdered or sent to prison camps if they resisted  People began to protest by killing livestock and destruction of crops  5-10 million peasants died because they resisted  State farms were created where farming was more difficult  Mostly produced wheat in a factory like environment THE USSR HAS AN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

 Life was completely revolutionized under Stalin  Women had more of a role in society  1917 revolution declared that women and men were equals  Women joined the labor force due to Stalin’s 5 year plan  Men however held the best jobs  Women were getting jobs in the science and engineering fields and eventually made up 75% of Soviet doctors by 1950  Had to do both their jobs and the household duties while being responsible for producing kids for the future  More education with new technical skills  More highly skilled workers were needed.  Education was the answer to not end up in a collective farm or in a peasant type job  All good things come with a price  People lost personal freedom  Less consumer goods due to Stalin’s 5 year plan WHAT WAS LIFE LIKE UNDER STALIN?

 The Soviet Union became an industrial and political power due to Stalin’ totalitarian government  Was unopposed as dictator and controlled the Communist Party  He viewed creativity at an individual level a threat to conformity  Wanted 100% obedience from his people  This new government would be adopted by other countries during this time  Seen as an alternative to the constitutional government  China adopts this type of government with Mao Ze Dong ASSUMING DIRECT CONTROL

Q: How did Stalin use the 4 major principles of totalitarianism to gain complete control of the USSR? A: Stalin used police terror by monitoring phone calls and reading mail, as well as having the Great Purge which was a “cleansing” of the Communist party of people who did not support Stalin. He controlled all the media and other forms of art which was pro Stalin. He began to indoctrinate kids at a very young age, and any challenge to this type of education was punishable by imprisonment or death. Lastly he blamed the Russian Orthodox Church because he saw faith as disobedience. The League of Militant Godless began to destroy Churches and kill those affiliated with the Church. QUESTION IS STILL ANSWERING YOU.