Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 25/10/2015 / page 1 Particulates, Brussels, January 2003 PARTICULATES Major Scientific Objectives To review the instrumentation and sampling techniques used so far for particulate characterisation To develop a harmonised sampling protocol To use this protocol in a detailed measurement campaign To produce an adequate database with appropriate emission factors for particulates and other unregulated pollutants associated with them  These emission factors and the associated methodology will address both the baseline of current vehicles and fuels and the future emission reduction (mainly aftertreatment) techniques, including enabling conventional and alternative fuels, envisaged by the industry for compliance with the already decided emission standards for 2005 and beyond. WP600

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 25/10/2015 / page 2 Particulates, Brussels, January 2003 Task 630: Final summary report In this task it is foreseen to produce a final report which will summarise the experience gained in the course of the project and which will address the following issues in particular:  Particulate measurement outline.  Current fleet emission status.  New technologies emission reduction potential.  Summary discussion for future legislative demands. Annex 1 ”Description of Work“, October 1999 Particulates ”Society” ”Technological development” ”Scientific understanding”

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 25/10/2015 / page 3 Particulates, Brussels, January 2003 Two Adequate ”Databases” 1. Aggregated Data  The storage of relevant data in order to facilitate immediate as well as future analyses  This ”database” will consist of a great number of individual files named according to a pre-defined name format  The actual in-depth analyses of these data will not be part of the Particulates project  The partners having contributed to these data will also have access to them 2. Selected Particulates Data (emission factor-related)  Focus on factors covering a full driving circle  Perform statistical analysis  Extract data relevant for the calculation of emission factors

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 25/10/2015 / page 4 Particulates, Brussels, January 2003 Principles Organised Raw Data (LLVV, LLVVxxxx) 1. Aggregated Data (Summary Sheets) 2. Emission Factor-related Data (partcalc?) Output No official output from Particulates Some general findings, otherwise for future use Emission factors Statistical Analysis Raw data from instruments Each lab is responsible to compile a report on their own measurements Data from all partners in one dataset (HD/LD?)

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 25/10/2015 / page 5 Particulates, Brussels, January 2003 Proposed interpretation of Wp 610 ”Set up of a common database and statistical analysis” TypeOrganised Raw DataAggregated DataEmission Factor-related Data DescriptionPrimary data from instruments converted into an organised form Data stored for immediate as well as future analyses (”data mining”) A small fraction of the data used for the calculation of emission factors OwnerThe Particulates consortium StorageBy each individual partner, at least to the end of 2006 By LAT, at least to the end of 2006 Availability to Particulates Particulate partners having delivered aggregated data All Particulate and cluster partners ReportingSend a CD/DVD to LAT at the end of the project?? To Volvo

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 25/10/2015 / page 6 Particulates, Brussels, January 2003 Emission Factor-related Data One row, one round of measurements ”Emission-Factor Spreadsheet” Only certain pre-defined input values allowed Partial Least Squares etc. Descriptive Statistics Possible Result Variables PM mass (g/kWh, g/km) Total number of wet particles (CPC) Number of dry particles (ELPI: stages 1-3, 4-9, 10-12, total) Total surface area (DC) Effects of Fuel Engine technology Laboratory Round # Etc. Correlations between result variables

Volvo Technology AB / Volvo Technology Corporation Dept / UW / 25/10/2015 / page 7 Particulates, Brussels, January 2003 Status Organised Raw Data (LLVV, LLVVxxxx) 1. Aggregated Data (Summary Sheets) 2. Emission Factor-related Data (partcalc?) More or less OK? Proposal from ConcaweHas to be defined and created Raw data from instruments