Child Poverty in 6 CEE/CIS Countries International Society for Child Indicators 3 rd International Conference Meg Huby & Jonathan Bradshaw University of York, UK July Meg Huby & Jonathan Bradshaw, University of York 28 July 2011

Child Poverty in CEE and the CIS 2 Meg Huby & Jonathan Bradshaw, University of York 28 July 2011 BIH SERBIA KOSOVO GEORGIA ARMENIA KYRGYZSTAN

Child Poverty in CEE and the CIS 3 Meg Huby & Jonathan Bradshaw, University of York 28 July 2011 Data sourcePPP (US$)Survey nHouseholds with children ArmeniaILCS BiHHBS GeorgiaLSMS KosovoHBS KyrgyzstanHBS SerbiaLSMS

Child Poverty in CEE and the CIS POVERTY THRESHOLDS  National food poverty line: amount needed to buy enough food to provide an adult with a specified calorific intake  National total poverty line: amount to meet food requirement plus additional needs  World Bank poverty thresholds: $2.15 a day (absolute) and $4.30 (vulnerable)  Minimum budget base: e.g. NIBUD (Netherlands) $28 a day in PPP  Relative poverty line: e.g. 60% median income (EU) or 50% median income (OECD) 4 Meg Huby & Jonathan Bradshaw, University of York 28 July 2011

Meg Huby & Jonathan Bradshaw, University of York 5 Child Poverty in CEE and the CIS

DIMENSIONS OF DEPRIVATION  Mexico: education gap, access to health services, access to social security, quality & size of dwelling, access to basic services, access to food (CONEVAL, 2010)  Bhutan: includes access to roads & land ownership for rural areas (Santos & Ura, 2008)  Multi-dimensional poverty index (MPI) for developing countries: nutrition, child mortality, years of schooling, children enrolled, cooking fuel, sanitation, water, electricity, floor, assets (Alkire & Santos, 2010) 6 Meg Huby & Jonathan Bradshaw, University of York 28 July 2011

Meg Huby & Jonathan Bradshaw, University of York 7 Child Poverty in CEE and the CIS % OF ALL CHILDREN LIVING IN HOUSEHOLDS LACKING DURABLE GOODS

28 July 2011 Meg Huby & Jonathan Bradshaw, University of York 8 Child Poverty in CEE and the CIS Overlapping poverty thresholds and number of durable items lacked in Armenia

28 July 2011 Meg Huby & Jonathan Bradshaw, University of York 9 Child Poverty in CEE and the CIS Summary statistics for material deprivation

28 July 2011 Meg Huby & Jonathan Bradshaw, University of York 10 Child Poverty in CEE and the CIS Material deprivation and household consumption

28 July 2011 Meg Huby & Jonathan Bradshaw, University of York 11 Child Poverty in CEE and the CIS Child poverty rates calculated using new integrated poverty line

28 July 2011 Meg Huby & Jonathan Bradshaw, University of York 12 Child Poverty in CEE and the CIS  Truly poor: Households falling below the consumption and the material deprivation thresholds.  Vulnerable to poverty: Households falling below the consumption threshold. Although they do not fall below the material deprivation threshold, their consumption is below the median level of households that are materially poor.  Poor only on consumption definition: Households falling below the consumption threshold. They do not fall below the material deprivation threshold and their consumption is not below the median level of households that are materially poor.  Poor only on material deprivation definition: Households below the threshold for material deprivation. Although above the consumption threshold, they do not have higher consumption than the median of households that are not materially poor.  Rising out of poverty: Households below the threshold for material deprivation. They are above the consumption threshold and have higher consumption than the median of households that are not materially poor.  Not poor: Households above both the consumption and the material deprivation thresholds. Categories of poverty

28 July 2011 Meg Huby & Jonathan Bradshaw, University of York 13 Child Poverty in CEE and the CIS

28 July 2011 Meg Huby & Jonathan Bradshaw, University of York 14 Child Poverty in CEE and the CIS