1.2 Eukaryotes IB Biology HL 1 Mrs. Peters Fall 2014

A&S 4: Eukaryote: Liver Cell Drawing Draw and label a liver cell. Must be able to identify the following parts: ▫Cell Membrane ▫Nucleus w/nuclear envelope ▫Rough ER ▫Golgi Apparatus ▫Mitochondria ▫Lysosome

U 2.Eukaryotes Specific Characteristics: ▫Contain membrane bound organelles (internal structures with specific functions) ▫True nucleus with DNA ▫80s Ribosomes ▫Relative size ~20 µm Types of Eukaryotes: ▫Animal cells ▫Plant cells ▫Fungi cells ▫(we will focus on animal and plant cells only)

U2. Eukaryotic Cells Animal CellPlant Cell

U2. Common Eukaryote Structures *Nucleus: controls cell functions ▫Largest organelle of the cell Parts of the nucleus: Nuclear envelope with nuclear pores: a double membrane surrounding the nucleus micro.magnet.fsu.edu

U2. Common Eukaryote Structures Parts of the nucleus: *Nucleolus: produces ribosomes DNA (chromosome, chromatin): contains the genetic information for the cell; combined with protein micro.magnet.fsu.edu

U2. Common Eukaryote Structures Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): series of membranes continuous with the nuclear envelope

U2. Common Eukaryote Structures Types: ▫*Rough ER: has ribosomes attached; transport system for proteins ▫Smooth ER: no ribosomes attached; produces phospholipids, lipids, breaks down toxins

U2. Common Eukaryote Structures *Golgi Apparatus: collects, packages, modifies and transports proteins; a series of flattened, folded membranes micro.magnet.fsu.edu

U2. Common Eukaryote Structures *Mitochondria: site of cellular respiration; known as the powerhouse; kidney bean shaped, consists of a double membrane, inner membrane has many folds micro.magnet.fsu.edu

U2. Common Eukaryote Structures *Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis; can be free or attached to RER; known as 80S

U2. Common Eukaryote Structures *Plasma Membrane: controls the movement of material in and out of the cell, provides a barrier around the cell

U2. Plant Only Structures Chloroplast: site of photosynthesis, consists of a double membrane Central Vacuole: helps give the cell its shape, a sack like structure that contains water and salts

U2. Plant Only Structures Cell Wall: rigid outer boundary that provides strength and support for the plant; composed of cellulose

U2. Animal Only Structures *Lysosomes: break down worn out cell parts and waste; small sacks that contain enzymes Centrioles: form microtubules used in cell division; shaped

U2. Extracellular Components Animal Cell: Extracellular matrix (ECM) forms a supporting network for the cell membrane and allows adjacent cells to attach to one another and communicate; made of collagen fibers and glycoproteins

U2. Extracellular Components Plant Cell: The cell wall forms the ECM; made up of cellulose fibers and glycoproteins; maintains cell shape, allows cell to communicate and bind to other cells

U 2.Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell Structure/FeaturePlant CellAnimal Cell Cell WallPresentAbsent VacuolesLarge Central VacuoleSmall vacuoles sometimes ChloroplastPresentAbsent Cell membrane (Plasma membrane) Present, no cholesterol Present, with cholesterol CentriolesAbsentPresent StorageStores starchStores glycogen ShapeOften squarish, very rigidOften more round, flexible LysosomeAbsentPresent

U1 & 2. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Structure/FeatureProkaryote CellEukaryote Cell Nucleus contains a nucleoid region, no envelope Present, surrounded by nuclear envelope Membrane-Bound Organelles Not present Present (mitochondria, chloroplast, ER, Golgi, etc) DNA Naked (no proteins), 1 circular strand, plasmid present Associated with proteins, long strands, no plasmids RibosomesRelatively small, 70SRelatively large, 80S Cell WallAlways presentOnly in plant cells FlagellaSometimes

Microscope Practice 3 View all 4 slides at 40X, 100X, and 400X; Label each box correctly, fill the square! Don’t forget to clean up when finished! Turn in all microscope drawings (1, 2 and 3) stapled together. Slides to make: ▫Onion: take a single layer of onion, add one drop of iodine to the onion, NO WATER DROP ▫Cheek Cells: use a toothpick to gently scrape the inside of your cheek, smear the toothpick on a slide, add one drop of Methylene blue, NO WATER DROP