EUKARYOTIC* CELL STRUCTURE REMEMBER: You need to write the notes on the slides with this icon. Interactive Cell

Quick Review  We have already talked about Cell Theory and two types of cells.  What are the 3 key points of the Cell Theory?  All living things are made of cells  Cells are the basic unit of structure of living things  Cells come from other cells  What are the two types of cells?  Prokaryotic  Eukaryotic  What is the main difference between these two cell types?  Prokaryotic – No nucleus  Eukaryotic - Nucleus

Eukaryotic  Examples  Plant Cells  Animal Cells  Membrane bound nucleus

Cytoplasm  Cytoplasm  Fluid part of the cell between the nucleus and cell membrane  Contains structures called organelles “Little Organs”

Nucleus  Nucleus  Contains the cell’s DNA (also called Chromatin)  DNA codes instructions for making proteins and other molecules

Nucleus (continued)  Surrounded by a double lipid layer. Nuclear Envelope (Membrane)  Nuclear Envelope has pores/openings to allow material to move into and out of the nucleus

Nucleolus  Small region inside nucleus that produces ribosomes Nucleolus

Cell Membrane  Controls what enters and leaves the cell. Homeostasis  Provides protection and support  Made of a double-layered sheet called Lipid Bilayer (Lipids)

Mitochondria  Changes energy stored in food into energy the cell can use (ATP).  Cellular Respiration  “Power Plant” of the cell

 Mitochondrion Under a Microscope Outer Membrane Inner Membrane

Ribosomes  Synthesize (build) proteins  Connect Amino acids into chains  Found throughout the cytoplasm (tiny dots)

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)  Where lipids and proteins are built  Two types of ER  Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum  Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

ER (continued)  Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)  Ribosomes on its surface  Synthesize proteins

ER (continued)  Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)  No ribosomes  Synthesis of membrane lipids

Golgi Apparatus  It packages materials from ER for storage or release from the cell  It is found next to the ER

NUCLEUS Rough ER Golgi Apparatus Smooth ER

Vacuoles  Store material (water, salts, food)  Plants have a single, large vacuole  The control of water content within a cell is an example maintaining homeostasis

Lysosomes  Filled with enzymes  Digestion (breakdown) of items  Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins  Organelles that are not useful anymore  Removes “junk” that a cell does not need

Cytoskeleton  Proteins that help the cell to maintain its shape.  Involved in movement

Chloroplast***  Found in plant cells  Capture energy from the sunlight and convert it into chemical (food) energy. Photosynthesis

Cell Wall ***  Found in Plants  Lies outside the cell membrane  Provides support and protection for the cell  In plants, cell walls are made up of Cellulose (Carbohydrate)

Movement  Cilia  Short hair like structure covering the cell  Flagella  Longer wipe like (tail) Cilia & Flagella Movement

Videos and Interactive Models  Interactive Cell Model Interactive Cell Model  Crash Course - Animal Cell Crash Course - Animal Cell  Inside the Cell Inside the Cell