Warm-up! I am eight letters long - "12345678"  My 1234 is an atmospheric condition.  My 34567 supports a plant.  My 4567 is to appropriate.  My 45 is a friendly thank-you.  My 678 is a name.  Q: What word am I?  A shell is tied to the side of a boat. The shell hangs 3 meters above water level. The water rises 2cm an hour. Question :  How much time will it take before water touches the shell? mistaken 1

It’s All About The Cell Man!!

Robert Hooke Made MANY contributions to science Many inventions U-joint, more accurate clocks, Wrote Micrographia Improved the compound microscope Coined the term “cells”

Cell Theory Brought to you by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow!! All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function. Cells only come from other cells.

Organelles or no Organelles, That is the Question!!!! Prokaryote Eukaryote No Membrane bound Organelles!!!! Small and Simple Bacteria Nucleus contains genetic info!!!! large and complex Multi-celled or single-celled Plants, animals, fungi, and protists ** It is believed that Eukaryotes evolved from Prokaryotes who lost their cell wall Organelle Video

The Nucleus The “Control Center” Contains DNA Nuclear envelope Surrounds the nucleus Allows messages to move in and out of the nucleus

Ribosome Build Proteins These are VERY, VERY important!!!! Found on Endoplasmic Reticulum (stationary) and in cytoplasm (mobile) Small round structures These are VERY, VERY important!!!!

Endoplasmic reticulum Assembles proteins (rough) and lipids (smooth) Usually attached to the nucleus --Makes sure that instructions are followed (supervisor)

Golgi Apparatus Sort and package Usually closer to membrane “Does what the ER made stay in the cell, or do I need to send it elsewhere?” Usually closer to membrane

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Energy!!!!!! Mitochondria: Chloroplasts: Release it Store it Found in all cells In Plants and Bacteria Has own DNA Contains CHLOROPHYLL

Lysosomes Digest Transport Break down carbs, lipids, and proteins for use in cells Transport Once materials are broken down Move the material out of cell

Vacuoles FUNCTION: Storage, Waste Removal, and Digestion Stores water, salt, proteins, carbohydrates, etc. Contractile Vacuole: found is some organisms; Propulsion mechanism

Cytoskeleton Support !! and Movement like bones for cells!

Centrioles Help cells divide Found in pairs Composed of microtubules Near the nucleus Composed of microtubules

Cytoplasm EVERYTHING contained within the cell membrane EXCEPT the nucleus. Organelles and CYTOSOL: Thick, jelly-like fluid that fills the cell and surrounds the internal organelles. Made of: Proteins, vitamins, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids and carbs

Plasma Membrane Serves as a Boundary Phospholipids Bilayer Controls what enters and leaves the cell. Phospholipids Bilayer Semi-permeable Membrane

Not all cells have all these organelles!

Some Cells have Special Organelles!

Cell Wall **Primary Wall: Provides protection and support– this is how plants can grow so tall! Though they are rigid, they are FLEXABLE VERY rigid outer layer Composed of Cellulose, polysaccharides, polyglycan, or chitin **Primary Wall: --weaker; where growth happens; mechanical & structural support **Secondary Wall: --stronger; deposited on primary wall once growth has CEASED!; provide mechanical support

Cilia and Flagella Cilia: hair-like projections (short) Flagella: long extension (long) Movement

Cilia and Flagella Move liquid around the cell Some use them to swim! EX: zooflagella Whip-like extensions from the cell membrane If there are 1 or a few => it’s a FLAGELLA If there are many => they are CILIA