Using CONJUNCTIONS What are conjunctions?What are conjunctions? What are the different ways to use them?What are the different ways to use them? How do I use commas with them? How do I use commas with them? Let’s start with Warm-Up Exercise 1 on pg. 352 in the GRAMMAR BOOK

What did we see in this exercise? #1 What are conjunctions? Here we see two kinds of conjunctions: AND -adds a similar ideaAND -adds a similar idea BUT –shows a contrast or surprise OR – shows a choice, but it also connects two words if the verb is negative I can’t sing or play an instrument. #2 How can I use them? One way to use these words is to connect words and make LISTS. kind AND generouskind AND generous a book AND a sweatera book AND a sweater reading AND writingreading AND writing #3 How do I use commas with them? When I use conjunctions to combine WORDS (not sentences), I do not need a comma. Example: 1. John will arrive at 7:00 and leave at 10: In my free time, I like to read and watch movies. 3. In my free time, I like to read books and watch movies In Sentences 1 and 3, I combined 2 phrases! It’s ok! I still don’t need a comma. Let’s do Hand-Out Exercise 9

Parallel Structure – the words are the same part of speech CORRECT – Parallel Structure Susan likes to sing and dance Bob and Mary stayed home and watched a movie. INCORRECT – No Parallel Structure Susan likes to sing and TV. Bob and Mary stayed home and movie. Let’s do Exercise 2 pg

What if I want to connect 3 or more words? I can do that… I can do that… Steve, Joe, and Rita are in class. Steve, Joe, and Rita are in class. I like cooking, dancing and reading I like cooking, dancing and reading …BUT now I need commas! …BUT now I need commas! WORD, WORD, and WORD orWORD, WORD, and WORD or WORD, WORD and WORDWORD, WORD and WORD Both are ok! Let’s do Exercise 10 on pg. 357 Add commas and fix any mistakes in parallel structure.

Using CONJUNCTIONS What are conjunctions?What are conjunctions? What are the different ways to use them?What are the different ways to use them? How do I use commas with them? How do I use commas with them? So far we know that we can use the conjunctions (AND, BUT, OR) to combine words…. …but we can also use these conjunctions (AND MORE!) to combine sentences!

Take a minute and read page 361, Table 16-4 #1 What are conjunctions? Here we see two conjunctions, but there are more. FOR AND NOR BUTFOR AND NOR BUT OR YET SOOR YET SO Remember: FANBOYSRemember: FANBOYS #2 How can I use them? I can use these words to combine sentences. I like pizza.I like pizza. John hates pizza.John hates pizza. I like pizza, but John hates it. #3 How do I use commas with them? I need a comma in front of the conjunction! 1. John will arrive at 7:00, and Matt will arrive at 10: In my free time, I like to read and watch movies, but my sister likes to paint and sew. 3. This summer, we may go to Florida, or we might just stay here. Let’s practice with the exercises on pages 361 through 363

CONJUNCTIONS REVIEW!CONJUNCTIONS REVIEW! ForFor AndAnd NorNor ButBut OrOrOrOr YetYet SoSoSoSo QUESTION 1 : WHAT ARE CONJUNCTIONS? AND – adds a similar idea I like apples and bananas. BUT – shows difference or surprise I ate the apple, but it wasn’t very good. OR – shows choice OR connects two similar ideas WHEN THE VERB is negative You can have an apple or a banana I don’t like apples or bananas. SO - gives an effect. I am allergic to apples, so please take me to the hospital.

QUESTION 2 : How do I use them? There are 3 ways!There are 3 ways! #1 I use AND, BUT, and OR to combine two words or phrases. #1 I use AND, BUT, and OR to combine two words or phrases. Apples and bananas Apples and bananas Eat and drink Eat and drink Lucky but unhappy Lucky but unhappy Hamburger or hotdog Hamburger or hotdog

QUESTION 2 : How do I use them? # 2 I use AND, BUT, and OR to combine three or more words or phrases. Apples, pears, and bananas Apples, pears, and bananas Eat, drink, and sleep Eat, drink, and sleep Lucky, wealthy, but unhappy Lucky, wealthy, but unhappy Chicken, hamburger or hotdog Chicken, hamburger or hotdog Make sure all of the words are the same PART of SPEECH = Parallel Structure

QUESTION 2 : How do I use them? # 3 I use AND, BUT, SO, and OR to combine sentences! I like apples, but John likes bananas.I like apples, but John likes bananas. I want a salad, and Jenny wants a sandwich.I want a salad, and Jenny wants a sandwich. I am tired, so I will go to sleep now.I am tired, so I will go to sleep now. I may go to the movies, or I may go to the mall.I may go to the movies, or I may go to the mall. SUBJECT VERB OBJECT FANBOYS SUBJECT VERB OBJECT

QUESTION 3 : Commas #1 – I like bananas and apples. NO COMMA#1 – I like bananas and apples. NO COMMA #2 – I like bananas, apples, and pears. YES#2 – I like bananas, apples, and pears. YES I like bananas, apples and pears. YESI like bananas, apples and pears. YES #3 – I like bananas, but I love pears. YES#3 – I like bananas, but I love pears. YES Let’s go over Practice 9 from the homework.

Simple Sentences vs. Compound Sentences SVO = Simple Sentence SVO = Simple Sentence In SIMPLE sentences, you can use conjunctions to connect two or more words or phrases (#1 and #2) In SIMPLE sentences, you can use conjunctions to connect two or more words or phrases (#1 and #2) SVO, FANBOYS SVO = Compound Sentence SVO, FANBOYS SVO = Compound Sentence When you use conjunctions to combine two sentences, now you have a compound sentence When you use conjunctions to combine two sentences, now you have a compound sentence In Practice 9, which sentences are simple and which sentences are compound? Now let’s go over Exercise 10

COMMA SPLICES AND RUN-ONS A COMPOUND SENTENCE THAT IS MISSING A FANBOYS IS CALLED A Comma Splice: A COMPOUND SENTENCE THAT IS MISSING A FANBOYS IS CALLED A Comma Splice: I went to the movies, then I went to the mall. I went to the movies, then I went to the mall. INCORRECT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! INCORRECT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! A COMPOUND SENTENCE THAT IS MISSING A FANBOYS and a comma IS CALLED A Run-On Sentence: A COMPOUND SENTENCE THAT IS MISSING A FANBOYS and a comma IS CALLED A Run-On Sentence: I went to the movies then I went to the mall. I went to the movies then I went to the mall. INCORRECT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! INCORRECT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! How do I fix these mistakes? Lets read pg 59 in the homework hand-out and then do Practice 11