Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) on Mount Ungaran: Are Their Habitat Threatened? Biology Department Semarang State University Central Java - Indonesia By: Margareta Rahayuningsih Nugroho Edi Siti Alimah

Mount Ungaran is the Important Bird Area and Alliance for Zero Extinction Area, one of the last remaining natural forests in Central Java located in Kendal Regency and also Ungaran Regency (5500 Ha) Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus), that can be found in Mt. Ungaran Central Java Hornbills is species protected by Indonesian law and CITES Apendix II, IUCN : least concern Serious threats for Hornbills such as habitat fragmentation, illegal logging, hunting, and birds trading in Mt Ungaran. Those threats will significantly endanger Hornbill’s existence Introduction

BUCEROTIDAE Hornbill, enggang, rangkong, julang Big size : 45 cm – 120 cm Boldly colored :Black, brown or white colour Long,big, decurved of bills cosque Arboreal Fruit and insect Give loud, distinctive calls, noisy in flight Strong social monogamy Female (breeding season) : in nest (the hole of tree)

Distribution in the wolrd 54 Species (Kemp 2001) (Kinnaird and Brien 1992)

Distribution in Indonesia 13 Species ( Sukmantoro et al 2007) 9 sp 3 sp 8 sp 2 sp 1 sp

(Poonswad 2008)

Study Area

Road Map of the Research Home Range (2015 – 2016)  Ecology Whreathed Hornbill  Habitat management : study of the necessities of life, food, home range, breeding habitat Species Conservation Effort Early Research (2009) Identification of species Habitat Conservation Effort Habitat Profile (2012) Nest Characteristics (2013) : Ecology Study of Aceros undulatus in Mount Ungaran (2011) Spatial modeling using GIS (2013) Food Availibility Composition Competion with another species (2014) Conservasi In situ Model

Dry land natural forest in Central Java Province (include area on Mount Ungaran) is decreasing and being fragmented at an alarming rate. This consequently will affect the survival of biodiversity that inhabit inside the dryland natural forest (Gunawan et al. 2010) The population that the density value of Whreathed hornbill in Mount Ungaran was bird/Km (Rahayuningsih and Nugroho Edi (2013) using GIS for the modelling habitat on Mount Ungaran, showed that Mount Ungaran was suitable area for the habitat of Wreathed Hornbill (Rahayuningsih et al 2012) The average of nests height for Wreathed Hornbill in Java and Sumatra was ranged between m height and nest inner width between x (Marty 2008) Mount Ungaran : Trees height used as nest site was ranged between m with diameter ( m) (Rahayuningsih et al 2013)

Understanding of habitat requirements for Wreathed hornbills especially in Mount Ungaran are required for future conservation and management plan. The objective of of this study was to determine are the habitat of Wreathed Hornbill thretened

Method : Spatial analysis using GIS Trend of landuse changes Landcover 1990 Landcover 2000 Landcover 2009

The Landuse changes in Mount Ungaran (1991, 2000, 2009)

Land use Year (Ha) change (%) Forest Secundary Forest Plantation Mix Garden Bush area Settlement Open lands Padi field

Mount Ungaran is a suitable habitat for Wreathed Hornbill, either as a place for food availibility, resting area, groundplay, and breeding Based on the landcover data on 1991, 2000, and 2009 indicated the natural forest on Mount Ungaran cecame decreassed 53.31%, this condition makes the habitat of Wreathed Hornbill in Mount Ungaran becames threatened. Conclusion

The authors would like to thank to : 1.Directorate General of Higher Education and Culture of Indonesia for the funding 2.Association of Natural Conservation for giving the research permit 3.Pak Min, Pak Ngadi and Pak Bekel who always become helpful guide for the research 4.Misbahul Munir, Jamal, Panji for taking a beautiful pictures 5.Members of Green Community (Yuli and friends) and Pelatuk Bird Study Club for giving their hands during the research Acknowledgments

Next Research Home Range Dynamic and Habitat using of Whreathed Hornbill on Mount Ungaran Central Java

1.FGD : together with Perhutani, BKSDA Jateng, Dinas Kehutanan Jateng 2.Collecting data related damage around Mount Unggaran and potential threats to the existence of birds from the early survey and the information from the local community 3.Collecting schools data,private and public organizations around Mount Unggaran as socialization conservation plan targets 4.Make a draft of conservation planning instrument models in Mount Unggaran PLANING FOR IN SITU CONSERVATION MODEL ( )

THANK YOU TERIMA KASIH