Investigating What is Happening Inside of the Cell

The cell is… Basic unit of structure and function Smallest unit of living material that can carry out all of the activities necessary for life

2 Distinct Types of Cells: 1. Prokaryotic Cells Example: Bacteria- Archaea/Eubacteria 2. Eukaryotic Cells Examples: Animals Plants Fungi Protists

All Cells Have: 1. Plasma Membrane/Cell memebrane (barrier) 2. DNA-containing Region 3. Cytoplasm 4. Ribosomes

Differences?

1. PROKARYOTIC CELLS Smaller Less complexity No nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Contains 1 continuous circular DNA called a nucleoid

PROKARYOTIC CELLS pg. 55 in bat book

EUKARYOTIC CELLS Larger Complex Has membrane-bound structures called organelles; “little organs” each with a function Nucleus is the large defining feature 2 types: plant and animal cells

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Left-side Activity

Diagram Compare and Contrast Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell

Daily Entry 1. What are the two types of cells? 2. What are the 3 things that all cells have? 3. What do prokaryotic cells have instead of a nucleus? 4. What do prokaryotic cells lack? 5. Is bacteria a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell? Reminders:

2 Types of Eukaryotic Cells 1. Plant Cell 2. Animal Cell

Page 175 in your textbook The exact same diagrams Please label and notice differences Put into your spiral when finished Complete your compare and contrast of plant vs. animal

Organelles a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function “little organs” All organelles work together to benefit the cell as a whole

Organelles found in Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus Cell membrane Cell wall Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth and rough) Golgi Bodies Chloroplasts Mitochondria Centrioles Vacuoles Cytoplasm

Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane) Semi-permeable barrier Called the lipid bilayer or “fluid-mosaic model”

Made of phospholipids Hydrophilic head (1): “water loving” Face towards aqueous part Hydrophobic tails (2): “water hating” Face towards inside, between the inner and outer surfaces Forms a hydrophobic region (or core)

Cytoplasm Extracellular space inside the cell Fills the empty space of the cell Gel-like substance comprised inside cell membrane Maintains shape and support for organelles

Controls the activity of the organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER: Few or no ribosomes Pathway Produce and store lipids

Rough ER: Covered with ribosomes Directs the flow of proteins

Golgi Bodies Processes, packages, and secretes proteins Encloses proteins in a vesicle to send out of cell

Mitochondria Energy center or “powerhouse” of the cell Turns food into energy Most numerous in cells that use a lot of energy (liver, muscle cells) energy = ATP

Vacuoles Temporary storage of materials Stores water, sap, etc Both animal (small) and plant cells have

Chloroplasts PLANTS ONLY Uses light energy to create food (glucose) Photosynthesis (in plants)

What do plants have that most animals don’t? Cell Wall PLANTS ONLY Protective outer coating Made of cellulose Provides support for the cell We are not talking about the obvious here…we are talking about cells!

StructureProkaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Plant Cell Eukaryotic Animal Cell Cell Wall No Plasma Membrane Organelles No Nucleus No Centrioles No Review

Organelle Chart Use book to complete chart Each organelle has it own section in the book Page 176 Read and determine the overall function of that organelle

Label Organelles pg. 175

Daily Entry 1. Why is the plasma membrane a very important structure for all cells? 2. Which organelle is like the cells brain? 3. What makes the rough endoplasmic reticulum rough? 4. Which organelle provides the cell with energy (ATP)? 5. Which organelle is like the postal service?

Label Organelles

Create a Venn Diagram Compare and contrast Plant and Animal cells.