Efficient Deployment & Management of ASP.NET 2.0 Applications on IIS 6.0 Alexis Eller Program Manager Internet Information Services Microsoft Corporation

Agenda What is ASP.NET?.NET Framework Concepts Global Assembly Cache (GAC) Configuration Layout Code Access Security (CAS) Versioning Deployment & Management Running x64 on ASP.NET 2.0 solutions Summary / Q&A

What is ASP.NET? Part of the.NET Framework IIS 6.0: v2.0, v1.1 in Worker Process Isolation Mode IIS 6.0: v1.0 in IIS 5.0 Compatibility Mode IIS 5.0: only run one version at a time Builds significantly on the power of ASP ASP.NET is “managed” code - the.NET Framework manages memory, not the application (reduces the risk of memory leaks)

.NET Framework Concepts Global Assembly Cache (GAC) “Registry” for.NET assemblies Add an assembly to the GAC: Generate a strong name, assembly: 1) name, 2) version, 3) 64 bit public key hash - sn.exe, 4) culture Add to the GAC - gacutil.exe,.NET Configuration x.x (MMC Snap-in) Viewing the contents of the GAC: gacutil /l start explorer %windir%\assembly.NET Configuration x.x (MMC Snap-in) Cannot XCOPY deploy GAC’ed assemblies Security: all GAC’ed assemblies (for ASP.NET apps): Run as Full Trust Are accessible to all ASP.NET apps

Adding an assembly to the GAC

.NET Framework Concepts Configuration Layout root configuration files machine.config root web.config web.config.NETFramework ASP.NET ASP.NET +.NET Framework web.config files Inheritance…

.NET Framework Concepts Code Access Security (CAS) Constrains managed code, including ASP.NET Do you trust your content providers? Do you trust that your applications can’t be exploited? Control access to: file system, registry, printers ASP.NET Trust Levels Full, High, Medium, Low, Minimal (can define custom) Defined by policy files: %windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v \CONFIG\web*trust.config Full trust by default GAC’ed assemblies run as Full trust always

.NET Framework Concepts ASP.NET Medium Trust Access SQL Server Send via SMTP Access certain common environment variables Access files within the application's directory Access files outside the application's directory Use reflection Use sockets Access unmanaged code How to Use Medium Trust in ASP.NET 2.0: us/dnpag2/html/PAGHT asp us/dnpag2/html/PAGHT asp us/dnpag2/html/PAGHT asp

Setting and customizing ASP.NET Trust Levels

ASP.NET Request Processing IIS maps request to ASP.NET, forwards to aspnet_isapi.dll ASP.NET ISAPI creates appdomain Send Response LogCompress NTLMBasic Determine Handler CGI Static File ISAPI Authentication Anon … … Authentication Forms Windows Map Handler ASPX Trace … … …aspnet_isapi.dll

Deployment and Management Getting started... Manual: MMC snap-in (in IIS Manager) aspnet_regiis.exe command line tool Edit web.config files using Notepad or Visual Studio Automated: Call aspnet_regiis.exe in a batch file Program against the ASP.NET configuration API (System.Configuration)

Deployment and Management aspnet_regiis.exe Provides more functionality than MMC snap-in Enumerate all ASP.NET script map settings Install / uninstall ASP.NET Enable / disable ASP.NET ISAPI extension Unique version in each framework directory: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v Use in batch files for deployment / management Combine with other utilities to create batch files for deploying applications, content and configurations

Deployment and Management aspnet_regiis.exe (2) Combine aspnet_regiis.exe with other utilities for automating deployment Adsutil.vbs to create application pool adsutil.vbs CREATE W3SVC/AppPools/BusyPool "IIsApplicationPool" IISweb.vbs to create the Web site in app pool IISweb.vs /create C:\MySource "MySite" /ap BusyPool /dontstart Aspnet_regiis.exe to install ASP.NET 2.0 change the IIS scriptmap to 2.0 C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v \aps net_regiis.exe –enable -ir C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v \aps net_regiis.exe –s W3SVC/ Aspnet_regiis.exe to install ASP.NET 2.0 change the IIS scriptmap to 2.0 C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v \aps net_regiis.exe –enable -ir C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v \aps net_regiis.exe –s W3SVC/

.NET Framework Versioning Can run one version per application pool Each framework version has it’s own version of aspnet_regiis.exe Different IIS scriptmap behavior depending on existing ASP.NET Initial ASP.NET Configuration Scriptmap Behavior Location of Aspnet_regiss.exe ASP.NET not previously installed IIS Scriptmap defaults to 2.0 C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Fram ework\v ASP.NET 1.1 previously installed Existing scriptmaps unchanged IIS Scriptmap continues to default to 1.1 C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Fram ework\v C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Fram ework\v

Running ASP.NET 1.1 and 2.0 Side-by-Side

Deployment and Management ASP.NET 2.0 MMC Snap-In Overview of the ASP.NET user interface Configuration tabs Understanding the behavior of the MMC snap-in

Deployment and Management Overview of ASP.NET MMC Snap-in ASP.NET configuration is: hierarchical and distributed complex enough to warrant a user interface The ASP.NET MMC Snap-in uses Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager’s extensibility

Deployment and Management Overview of ASP.NET MMC Snap-in Prevents typo’s, incorrect XML tags Manages versioning information Indicates file and virtual path Indicates the date file last modified

Deployment and Management Configuration Tabs General Connection strings, Application data Custom Errors AuthorizationAuthentication Authentication settings Membership provider Role Manager provider and enable/disable Application Compilation, Globalization, Identity State Management Session State settings Locations User-defined settings entered as tags in configuration

Deployment and Management Configuration Tab - General What can be modified? Database Connections Application Settings Which web.config file is edited? Depends on the object selected in IIS Manager... Server (Web Sites) Web Site Virtual Directory / Folder

Deployment and Management Configuration Tab – Custom Errors What can be modified? Enabling local or remote- only custom errors Redirect URLs for specific status codes Default redirect URL What cannot be modified? IIS’s custom errors configuration in the metabase

Deployment and Management Configuration Tab – Auth’N and Auth’Z What can be modified? Authentication: Forms vs. Windows Forms authentication settings Membership and Roles providers Authorization Rules: only apply to content handled by the ASP.NET 2.0 ISAPI What cannot be modified? IIS Authentication: Anonymous, Basic, Integrated, etc. IIS does access checks, not authorization rules per URL IIS 6.0 ships with Authorization Manager ISAPI (urlauth.dll) - this is different than ASP.NET authorization

Deployment and Management Configuration Tab – Application What can be modified? Compilation and runtime settings Assign a theme to specific page or master page Debugging options Used for development purposes Should be used only in non-production environments (performance considerations) Tip: Tip: Globalization options Setting the Code Page, etc. Identity settings Use IIS’s impersonated token -or- override with a specified user identity

Deployment and Management Configuration Tab – State Management What can be modified? Enable ASP.NET Session State Server Enable ASP.NET Session State in SQL Server State management connection strings ASP.NET Session State Server vs. ASP.NET Session State in SQL Server ASP.NET State Server stores state in a process separate from the ASP.NET application ASP.NET Session State in SQL Server stores application\session data in SQL

Deployment and Management Configuration Tab – Locations What can be done with the Locations Tab? Lockdown of features at a granular level Examples: “AllowOverride=false” with a relative path Advanced concept - requires a thorough understanding of configuration...

Configuring Forms Auth in the ASP.NET MMC Snap-in

Deployment and Management Understanding the MMC Snap-in Behaviour Multiple configuration editors (such as administrators and developers) can cause errors in the configuration files Configuration errors in the files will cause errors in the user interface User interface cannot read invalid configuration files Updates to web.config files reload the application’s appdomain – loses in process session state, caches, etc.

Running ASP.NET 2.0 on x64 ASP.NET 1.1 – Requires WOW64 32 bit IIS worker processes on 64 bit OS Virtual memory from 2 GB to 4 GB Enable, from %systemdrive%\Inetpub\AdminScripts, run cscript.exe adsutil.vbs set W3SVC/AppPools/Enable32BitAppOnWin64 “true” ASP.NET 2.0 – Runs native 64 bit or WOW64 Virtual memory practically unlimited in native 64 bit MMC Snap-in not supported on x64

Summary Global Assembly Cache (GAC) All GAC'ed assemblies run in Full trust GAC'ed assemblies cannot be xcopy deployed ASP.NET Trust Levels (CAS Permission Sets) Full trust is not secure enough, Medium is recommended Trust levels can be customized aspnet_regiis.exe: automated deployment and management ASP.NET 2.0 MMC snap-in: provides a safe way to edit configuration writes to hierarchical and distributed web.config ASP.NET v1.1 and v2.0 run side by side on IIS 6.0

Resources ASP.NET "Whidbey" Documentation Center on MSDN ASP.NET user interface ASP.NET 2.0 Fundamentals Blog: When is ReflectionPermission needed? IIS Webcast Series: