What is the best reward and worst punishment you have ever received? Homework # 13 Pick up a half sheet from the front table. You will use your notes and the following book pages 29-37 to help complete the homework for next class. ON THE INDEX CARD: What are the three most important things that you learned from Thursday’s lesson on Classical Conditioning? REGULAR WARM UP: What is the best reward and worst punishment you have ever received?

Hit List: Homework Review Classical Conditioning Unit Project Operant Conditioning Partner Work Grades

Review: Classical Conditioning Before Conditioning: UCS  UCR (reflex) NS  No Response During Conditioning: UCS + NS  UCR After Conditioning: CS  CR Before Conditioning: Food  Salivation (reflex) Bell  No Response During Conditioning: Food + Bell  Salivation After Conditioning: Bell  Salivation

Review: Classical Conditioning Before Conditioning: UCS  UCR (reflex) NS  No Response During Conditioning: UCS + NS  UCR After Conditioning: CS  CR Before Conditioning: Altoid Mint  Recognize bad breath/take mint Computer Noise  No Response During Conditioning: Altoid Mint + Computer Noise  Recognize bad breath/take mint After Conditioning: Computer Noise  Recognize bad breath/take mint

Review: Classical Conditioning Identify the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, and CR in the following scenario. Your significant other often yells at you and makes you feel bad. Pretty soon, you can’t stand the look of that person and end the relationship. You meet another person who looks like your ex. Although they seem nice, you find yourself feeling bad every time you are around them.

Learning Operant Conditioning

B. F. Skinner Operant Conditioning: Learning from consequences of behavior How does this differ from classical conditioning? Classical: experimenter presents the stimuli independent of the person’s behavior Operant: person must engage in a behavior in order for the outcome to occur (The rat must learn how to solve a problem of how to get food)

Reinforcement A consequence that increases the likelihood a behavior to occur again Positive reinforcement: Presenting something desirable; a reward Ex: Money for good grades Negative reinforcement: Taking away something you don’t like Ex: Taking aspirin to get rid of a headache Ex: Beeping when you leave the head lights on. You must turn off the lights to stop the beeping. Examples: Social approval, money, extra privileges What behaviors do you do to receive these reinforcement? There are obviously reinforcers that work better than others!

Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous schedule: Reinforcement given every time something occurs Ex: Get a piece of candy every time you answer a question. Partial schedule: Reinforcement given only sometimes (4 types) Ex: Get a piece of candy sometimes when answer a question. Which do you think works better? Is behavior best maintained by reinforcing every response? Why?

Partial Schedules of Reinforcement Ratio: behavior is reinforced based on the frequency of responses (Frequency: How often something occurs) Interval: behavior reinforced based on time

Partial Schedules of Reinforcement Ratio Examples: Fixed-Ratio: reinforcement after a fixed # of responses Getting paid for every 5 pizzas made Variable-Ratio: reinforcement after a varying # of responses Playing a slot machine Interval Examples: Fixed-interval: reinforcement for response after a fixed time elapsed Getting a paycheck every Friday Variable-interval: reinforcement for response after random time periods Pop quizzes

Punishment Unpleasant consequence which decreases a behavior to occur again. Examples? Punishers and reinforcements depend on the learner!

Which one? Identify if the following examples illustrate positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, or punishment 1. The police stop drivers and give awards for safe driving. 2. The coach removes a player from a game who commits an intentional foul. 3. Taking aspirin to relieve a headache. 4. A baseball player glares at a teammate who makes an error during the game. 5. A mother gives candy to the crying child in the grocery store. 6. A hospital patient is given extra visitation time after eating a full meal. 7. A teenager is grounded until his or her homework is completed. 8. Running from a building when the fire alarm sounds. 9. A child is scolded for playing in the street. 10. A rat presses a lever to terminate a shock or loud tone. 11. Teacher gives extra credit for perfect attendance. 12. A defendant is harassed until he confesses. 13. A mother smiles when her child days, “Mama”

Partner Work Reinforcement Punishment - Positive reinforcement: Presenting something desirable; a reward Ex: Money for good grades - Negative reinforcement: Taking away something you don’t like Ex: Taking aspirin to get rid of a headache Ex: Beeping when you leave the head lights on. You must turn off the lights to stop the beeping. Punishment - Unpleasant consequence which decreases a behavior to occur again.

Social Learning Homework #14 Questions Due Tuesday 5/5/09 Red: pg. 42-49 Blue: pg. 259-266 1. Name and describe the three types of modeling. 2. Give an example of how you have displayed self-control as behavior modification. Due Tuesday 5/5/09