Delia Calut/Paxton School for Advanced Studies/calutd@duvalschools.org Ch. 10 Inner and East Asia, 600-1200 Delia Calut/Paxton School for Advanced Studies/calutd@duvalschools.org

Han dynasty 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E. What happened after its collapse? What dynasty reunify China?

Sui & Tang Empires

1. Sui, 581-618 Lasted 34 years Why was it significant? Could you compare it with other Chinese dynasty? What did it built?

Grand Canal

Tang dynasty

2.Tang, 618-907 Political life Origins : Turkic elites Territory: expanded towards W ( Central Asia) Centralized power Who did it stop Tang’s advancement towards W? Where? How did Tang’s advancement in Central Asia influence the Chinese religion?

Political life 751, The Battle of Talas River ( Muslim Arabs) Get connected to India & Central Asia

Political life How was the bureaucracy selected?

Political life A)Who introduced first the civil service exams? B)Why these exams made a difference in China?

Political life A)Han dynasty B) High educated bureaucrats the lower class could get good jobs

Religion ( early Tang) Buddhism Why was Buddhism so successful at the beginning of Tang dynasty?

Early Tang-Buddhism 1.emperor –spiritual function of welding humans into a harmonious Buddhist society Why was this important? A)What did the Buddhist monasteries offer to the Tang princes? B)What did the Buddhist monasteries receive in exchange for their services?

Religious life a)Financial support, advice, prayers. b) gifts, land, exemptions from taxes

Economy What was the economy based on?

Economy Trade 1.What were the main items imported? 2.What were the main items exported? 3.What was the most important trading center?

Economy 1.tea, sugar, spices, cotton, textiles, Stringed instruments Wine,painting 2.silk, porcelain 3.Chang’an

Tea

Economy Explain Chang’an significance.

Economy Chang’an –the capital Trading center, center of tributary system Who paid tribute? What was tribute? Religious network Commercial network Cosmopolitan city Hub of Tang communication

Technology What kind of maritime technology did the Chinese mariners use?

Chinese vessel vessel compass

Daily life What disease affected the Tang Empire? How was the disease spread? Do you know any other empire affected by the same disease?

Military rivals A)Who were Tang’s most important rivals? B)What did they compete for ?

Military A)Tibet, Uighurs B) religious & political power, control of local routes

What policies contributed to the early success of Tang?

Religion Why was Buddhism replace by Confucianism towards the end of Tang?

Religion 1. Undermine the Confucian idea of family 2 encouraged women participation in politics ( Wu Zhao) associated with social ills (foreign origin) Monasteries: own a lot of land didn’t pay taxes Monks :didn’t serve in the army

Religion How did the government solve the problem? When?

Decline What factors did contribute to the decline of Tang?

Decline 1. internal rebellions: 755, 879-881 2. nomadic tribes ( N border) 3.tax-system problems, powerful military leaders Ruled China until 907 After Tang, China split in 3 empires: Liao, Tanggut, Song

Song 960-1279 Tang Song

Political & military Lost the N part to nomadic tribes ½ of Tang territory Capital :Hangzhou 4 times Tang’s army

Technology Why was considered that Song dynasty had an industrial revolution?

Technology Innovations: Calendar, compass design Greek astrolabe, junk Celestial clock Gunpowder Mining, iron production

Religion What was Song’s religion? Who was the ideal human?

Religion Neo-Confucianism : blend of Conf. & Buddhism new interpretations of the Confucian texts The sage

Technology What were the consequences of using the movable type?

Economy What innovations were in economy? Commercial economy Industrial development Inter-regional credit

Money during Song dynasty

Society-the status of women Social restriction Subordination Low education, cannot remarry Foot binding What was the significance of foot binding?

Foot binding

Foot binding

Japan What did the Japanese borrow from the Chinese?

A legal code Confucianism Buddhism architecture

Political life The head of the state: the emperor No Mandate of Heaven 794 , Heian became capital

Heian 794-1185 Political life: emperor lost power symbolic figurehead Real Power: 858, Fujiwara family Economy: Golden Age Religion: Shintoism, Buddhism( Zen), Culture: poetry( men) epics( women) Which one was superior? Give an example of an epic.

“The Tale of Genji” by Murasaki Shikibu

Heian period

Decline Founder 1156-1185 Taira-Minamoto war Minamoto won

Kamakura shogunate Minamoto established a new form of government: the shogunate Capital: Kamakura Decentralized form of government Shogunate: feudal system in which the shogun shared the power with landowning warlords (daimyo). Shogun Daimyo Samurai-great honor-code of chivalry: Bushido

Japanese Feudalism

Korea Under whose influence was Korea? How was Korea organized?

Korea Chinese influence: political, religious, cultural. Divided in 2 kingdoms: Silla & Koryo Compare Silla & Koryo

Silla-Tang ally (collapsed when Tang collapsed) Koryo-Song ally, unified the korean Peninsula. Religion: Buddhism Technology: block printing

Vietnam How was organized? What was the economy based on? Religion?

Vietnam 2 states: Annam/Dai Viet ( N) Champa( S) Political & economic life centered around 2 rivers N –Red River S-Mekong Economy: rice-based economy (wet-rice cultivation) Religion: Buddhism & Confucianism Women: dispose of property, negotiating roles

Rice paddies

Cultivation Harvest