Lecture 14. Outline Course Evaluations Neptune and Uranus Pluto Kuiper Belt 10-minute break Discuss Exam 3 and Final Final review.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Gas Giants (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) Pluto and Beyond
Advertisements

Minor Members of the Solar System
The Outer Planets Chap 16, Sec 4.
UNIT 2 THE SOLAR SYSTEM Vocabulary Review. THE FORCE OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN OBJECTS THAT IS DUE TO THEIR MASSES gravity.
Unit 2 Lesson 6 Small Bodies in the Solar System
THE OUTER PLANETS. The first four outer planets- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune- are much larger and more massive than Earth, and they do not have.
Vagabonds of the Solar System Chapter 17. A search for a planet between Mars and Jupiter led to the discovery of asteroids Astronomers first discovered.
Remote Worlds Chapter Fourten. ASTR 111 – 003 Fall 2007 Lecture 12 Nov. 19, 2007 Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Introduction To Modern Astronomy I:
Astronomy: Solar System
Chapter 27 – The Planets and the Solar System Page 586 Do you think it is possible to count the rings of Saturn? The rings look solid in the image, do.
Planets of the Solar system Section 4 Section 4: The Outer Planets Preview Key Ideas The Outer Planets Gas Giants Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Objects.
Planets Surfaces of planets have a….
The Gas Giant Planets Chapter 29 Section 3
Comparative Planetology I: Our Solar System
An overview of the Solar System
Created By: Haley H. and Shelby O. The Sun’s core is 36,000,000 F. The stars are huge balls of superheated gas. The sun is in the Milky way galaxy. It.
EUROPA: is the second closest moon to Jupiter. –It is completely covered with frozen water Some scientists believe that beneath the frozen water there.
The Solar System A journey through our neighboring planets.
JOURNAL #17 – THE SOLAR SYSTEM 1.What is the order of the planets from the Sun outward? 2.If during a solar eclipse the moon must be between the Sun and.
Lesson 4, Chapter 3.  The four outer planets – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are much larger and more massive than Earth and they do not have.
We continue to Learn a lot about the Solar System by using Space Exploration CHAPTER 11.
Our solar system Chapter 2 By Mrs. Shaw.
Comparative Planetology I: Our Solar System Chapter Seven.
1 Structure & Formation of the Solar System What is the Solar System? –The Sun and everything gravitationally bound to it. There is a certain order to.
Minor Members of the Solar System. Asteroids: Small Rocky Bodies Most asteroids lie in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter Their.
ASTR178 Other Worlds A/Prof. Orsola De Marco
I.Uranus and Neptune: Discoveries, atmospheres, interiors, rotation, magnetic fields, moons, rings, Uranus’ axis tilt and seasons. II.Pluto and Charon:
Composition of Objects in Space Notes 4.4 Composition = the types of materials and how they are arranged in an object Objects to be looked at: terrestrial.
The Outer Worlds Chapter Sixteen. Guiding Questions 1.How did Uranus and Neptune come to be discovered? 2.What gives Uranus its distinctive greenish-blue.
Uranus and Neptune Uranus: general information –Discovered in 1781 (Herschel) –Radius about 4x that of Earth –Mass about 14.5x that of Earth –Nearly featureless.
Complete Section 3 Study Guide
Crash Landing Activity First, get into teams of three to five (I will assign) and create a list of items you would need to bring to survive an extended.
Vagabonds of the Solar System Chapter 17. Guiding Questions 1.How and why were the asteroids first discovered? 2.Why didn’t the asteroids coalesce to.
Planets. Sun Energy comes from Nuclear Fusion: Hydrogen atoms join together to form Helium Three zones/layers of the Sun: 1.Convection Zone 2.Radiation.
Big Bang theory Parts of our solar system Planet characteristics Galaxies Constellations Nebulas.
Chapter 11 The Structure of the solar system. Distances in Space Distances are sol large in the Solar System that you can’t just use meters or kilometers.
The Outer Planets. Jupiter Jupiter – fifth planet from the sun, largest in the solar system – Atmosphere – primarily hydrogen and helium Below atmosphere,
Solar System Notes Solar System - An area that normally has one star with planets, moons, asteroids and comets orbiting the star. Our solar system has.
The Outer Worlds. Update! International Astronomical Union (IAU) voted on the re- definition of planets in Prague on Aug. 24, Pluto is no longer.
Our Solar System.
Comparative Planetology I: Our Solar System. Guiding Questions 1.Are all the other planets similar to Earth, or are they very different? 2.Do other planets.
Lecture 14 Outline For Rest of Semester Oct. 29 th Chapter 9 (Earth) Nov 3 rd and 5 th Chapter 9 and Chapter 10 (Earth and Moon) Nov. 10 th and 12.
Surveying the Solar System The Grand Tour. The Solar System  As more powerful telescopes scanned the skies astronomers needed to know more about the.
Final 3:00-9:30 pm on December 10th (Wednesday) About multiple choice questions –About questions on Chapter 14. The rest will be on material.
The Solar System. According to Aug 24, 06 Resolution the Solar System is composed of: – Eight planets with their moons – Three dwarf planets with their.
Moon Phase Quiz!! AB CD. Ch 28 video.htm.
Comparative Planetology I: Our Solar System Chapter Seven.
The Solar System Inner and Outer Planets
The Solar System Created by: Aimee Cannova. What is the Solar System? The Solar System consists of the Sun and celestial objects bound to it by gravity.
Other Objects in the Solar System
Solar System Video: 1 How it Formed.
Universe Tenth Edition Chapter 15 Vagabonds of the Solar System Roger Freedman Robert Geller William Kaufmann III.
Our Solar System Planets and other stuff!. The Sun Produces energy through nuclear fusion. ( 2 hydrogen nuclei fusing to make helium. Very hot: up to.
Universe Tenth Edition Chapter 14 Uranus, Neptune, Pluto and the Kuiper Belt: Remote Worlds Roger Freedman Robert Geller William Kaufmann III.
An overview of the Planets. *******Add to your notes: Ecliptic Plane - plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun. Most objects in the solar system.
Order of the Planets What is an AU? Inner vs. Outer Planets Other stuff in our Solar System.
The Outer Worlds Chapter Sixteen. Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Introduction To Modern Astronomy I Planets and Moons (chap. 7-17) ASTR 111 – 003 Fall.
The Solar System By Gina Wike. Solar System Early Greeks thought that everything centered around the Earth. Copernicus thought differently. He said the.
Unit 5 Lesson 2. Vocabulary  Solar System: A star and all the planets and other objects that revolve around it.  Planet: A body that revolves around.
I.Uranus and Neptune: Discoveries, atmospheres, interiors, rotation, magnetic fields, moons, rings, Uranus’ axis tilt and seasons. II.Pluto and Charon:
Planets. The terrestrial planets and some large moons.
The Planets Chapter 27. #1 The planets in the Solar System are divided into 2 groups. Those closest to the Sun (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) are called.
The Gas Giants The Planets and Other Cosmic Stuff Chapter 20.
Unit 2 Lesson 6 Small Bodies in the Solar System
Lecture 23.
Section 17.2 The Planets.
Comparative Planetology I: Our Solar System
The Outer Planets.
Section 4 – pg 562 The Outer Planets
Unit 7 Our Solar System Planets *Inner Planets vs. Outer Planets
Presentation transcript:

Lecture 14

Outline Course Evaluations Neptune and Uranus Pluto Kuiper Belt 10-minute break Discuss Exam 3 and Final Final review

Course Evaluations Course Title = ASTR 111 Section 002. Instructor’s name = Weigel You do not need to fill in questions Please take time to answer questions on back: –What aspects of the course and the way it was taught helped you to learn? –What modifications do you suggest for the next time this course is taught? –What did you like/dislike about this course?

Suggested Reading Chapter 14, all sections I will post a practice quiz that will not count for credit

Doubling the Solar System

How can you tell the difference between a planet and a distant star? –(assume the both span the same angular distance) –Name two objects in the sky that are not stars

Uranus Hershel “discovered” it

Neptune’s discovery A triumph of modern science

The Pioneer anomaly Is history repeating itself?

Neptune’s orbit Uranus is at about 20 AU and Neptune is at about 30 AU. The ratio is 3:2. Does this mean anything?

Neptune Galileo missed it

Atmosphere

Both Uranus and Neptune have atmospheres composed primarily of hydrogen, helium, and a few percent methane What colors does methane absorb?

Bizarro tilt on Uranus

Movie

Exaggerated Seasons On Uranus Uranus’s axis of rotation lies nearly in the plane of its orbit, producing greatly exaggerated seasonal changes on the planet This unusual orientation may be the result of a collision with a planetlike object early in the history of our solar system. Such a collision could have knocked Uranus on its side

Triggering of Storms

Will Uranus always be tilted?

Neptune looks more active But its orbit is 30 AU compared to 20 AU for Uranus. What is the difference between amount of energy they receive?

“Thanks to distance, Neptune receives less than one-half of the amount of solar energy than Uranus.” Where did the “one-half” number come from?

Uranus and Neptune contain a higher proportion of heavy elements than Jupiter and Saturn Both Uranus and Neptune may have a rocky core surrounded by a mantle of water and ammonia Electric currents in the mantles may generate the magnetic fields of the planets

They should not exist

Bizarro Magnetic Axis The magnetic fields of both Uranus and Neptune are oriented at unusual angles

The magnetic axes of both Uranus and Neptune are steeply inclined from their axes of rotation The magnetic and rotational axes of all the other planets are more nearly parallel The magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune are also offset from the centers of the planets

Moons and Rings un14vi03.mov

Uranus and Neptune each have a system of thin, dark rings

Discovery of Uranian Rings

Some of Uranus’s satellites show evidence of past tidal heating Uranus has five satellites similar to the moderate- sized moons of Saturn, plus at least 22 more small satellites

Heavily cratered Dramatic topography Unfinished tidal heating?

Triton is a frigid, icy world with a young surface and a tenuous atmosphere Neptune has 13 satellites, one of which (Triton) is comparable in size to our Moon or the Galilean satellites of Jupiter Triton has a young, icy surface indicative of tectonic activity The energy for this activity may have been provided by tidal heating that occurred when Triton was captured by Neptune’s gravity into a retrograde orbit Triton has a tenuous nitrogen atmosphere

Pluto

Pluto: Problem “Planet”

We almost had 12 planets “a planet is any body that orbits a star, is neither a star nor a satellite of a planet, and has gravity strong enough to pull it into a rounded shape” … and “a planet must be heavy enough to clear other objects from its path”

Pluto: Problem “Planet”

Pluto and its moon, Charon, may be typical of a thousand icy objects that orbit far from the Sun Pluto was discovered after a long search Pluto and its moon, Charon, move together in a highly elliptical orbit steeply inclined to the plane of the ecliptic They are the only worlds in the solar system not yet visited by spacecraft

Several hundred small, icy worlds have been discovered beyond Neptune Pluto and Charon are part of this population

Other Objects

A search for a planet between Mars and Jupiter led to the discovery of asteroids Astronomers first discovered the asteroids while searching for a “missing planet” Thousands of asteroids with diameters ranging from a few kilometers up to 1000 kilometers orbit within the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter

Terminology Asteroid – minor planet or planetoid. Orbit Sun. “Generally bigger than Meteoroid”. Meteoroid - "A solid object moving in interplanetary space, of a size considerably smaller than an asteroid and considerably larger than an atom or molecule." Meteor – “shooing star”. Occurs when Meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere Meteorite – Meteor that survived descent through atmosphere

Asteroids are found outside the asteroid belt—and have struck the Earth Some asteroids, called near-Earth objects, move in elliptical orbits that cross the orbits of Mars and Earth If such an asteroid strikes the Earth, it forms an impact crater whose diameter depends on both the mass and the speed of the asteroid

What are chances of hitting asteroid as you pass through asteroid belt?

Comets Originate from a belt beyond Pluto or a vast cloud in interstellar space Dusty chunk of ice that partially vaporizes as it passes near the Sun Two sources of comets –Kuiper belt (source of Jupiter family comets) –Oort Cloud

Kuiper Belt

Comets originate either from a belt beyond Pluto or from a vast cloud in near interstellar space The Oort cloud contains billions of comet nuclei in a spherical distribution that extends out to 50,000 AU from the Sun Intermediate period and long-period comets are thought to originate in the Oort cloud As yet no objects in the Oort cloud have been detected directly

The Kuiper belt lies in the plane of the ecliptic at distances between 30 and 500 AU from the Sun It is thought to contain many tens of thousands of comet nuclei

Outline Course Evaluations Neptune and Uranus Pluto Kuiper Belt 10-minute break Discuss Exam 3 and Final Final review

Final 3:00-9:30 pm on December 10th (Wednesday) About multiple choice questions –About questions on Chapters 16 & 17. The rest will be on material covered on Exams 1-3, with about equal coverage of material for each Exam. Do you need to take the final? –Your final grade will be the average of your highest three percentage scores among Exams 1-3 and the final exam. –If your final percentage score is the lowest, it will be dropped. If you missed one exam your final grade will be the average of the three exams you took.

Final Logistics Wed. Dec. 10th from 3:00-9:30 pm in Testing and Tutoring Center. IMPORTANT: The Testing and Tutoring Center will be closed during finals week except for these hours, so if you miss the exam, I will not be able to give you a make-up exam. During the break, I will have a sign-up sheet for the exam time slots that are during the normally scheduled exam time. There will be a 4:30-5:15 slot, a 5:15-6:00 slot, a 6:00-6:45 slot, and a 6:45-7:30 slot. The final exam will have questions. The exam will have questions related to the topics covered in the problems in lecture, problems on the quizzes, and problems on the first three exams. You will have 120 minutes to complete the exam (but I expect most students to finish in about 60 minutes).

Final – How to prepare Same as for previous exams Work through the practice exams and problems worked in class. Make sure that you understand the principle that the question is asking you about. (Try to memorize as little as possible.).

Grade Adjustments After the final, I will send out a spreadsheet with final grades. If there is an error, please me. I have given two extra credit opportunities, and for borderline grades, I usually round in the student’s favor. I will not make any adjustments to your grade – please don’t ask! Especially if this is the first time you contact me. Especially if you blame me for your problems.

Final Review