Essential Outcomes  Gaining factual knowledge (terminology, classifications, methods, trends)  Learning fundamental principles, generalizations, or theories  Developing a clearer understanding of, and commitment to, personal values

Important Outcomes  Learning to apply course material (to improve thinking, problem solving, and decisions)  Developing specific kills, competencies, and points of view needed by professionals in the filed most closely related to this course  Acquiring skills in working with others as a team

What is discrimination?  The United Nations explains, “Discriminatory behaviors take many forms, but they all involve some for of exclusion or rejections.” (United Nations CyberSchoolBus: What is discrimination)  We are concerned with Disability Discrimination; which is discrimination against people with disabilities. What groups have been discriminated against in schools in the history of American public schools?

Types of Discrimination  Exclusion—individuals are not allowed to participate in programs or services  Misclassifications—individual are classified in a manner that is not consistent with their traits or abilities

History of Discrimination  Institutionalization (Europe and North America) began in the 17 th century. This is the practice of putting the mentally ill, mentally disabled, or criminally minded, individuals into mental hospitals.  Deinstitutionalization (mid 20 th Century) the process of replacing long-stay “hospitals” with lesser isolated community based treatments. In the United States this occurred in two waves: 1950s—mentally ill; mid-1960’s—developmental disabilities

History of Discrimination  Normalization—the process of making previously institutionalized individuals normalized within an environment Great Uncle Paul

Schools  1920’s—compulsory education  1950’s—deinstitutionalization  1954—Brown v. Topeka Board of Education  1966—ESEA includes programs for individuals with disabilities  1972 PARC v. Pennsylvania and Mills v. Washington, DC  1975—PL , EAHCA, IDEA (FAPE)  The work continues

Take away…  Terms  Discrimination  Institionalization  Deinstitionalization  Exclusion  Misclassification  Brown v. Topeka  ESEA  PARC and Mills  Concepts  History of discrimination for those with disabilities  Discrimination in schools