 Violetville & Irvington Team 1 Team 1: Chris Calitz, Zachary Evans, Sandra Ho, Summer Xia, Chen Yu

Contents ①Study sites ②Context a.Spatial features b.Demographics ③Human capital theory ④Amenities theory ⑤Observations and interview ⑥Summary of measures supporting theories ⑦Synopsis of key findings

Treatment Comparison Census track Census track “Violetville” “Irvington” Violetville reversed the decline in households during and grew its households in whereas Irvington continued to decline Study sites

Change in households Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census (1990, 2000 and 2010 ) VioletvilleIrvington %7.1%-1.1%-9.9%

Context

Spatial features

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Violetville: pics (to follow) St. Agnes (anchor institution) Housing stock Violetville park Local shops

Irvington: enclaves in close proximity vs

Demographics MetricVioletvilleIrvington Housing units1, Housing typeDetached with lawnsMixed, mostly rowhouses Racial compositionMostly white (74%)Mostly African-American (85%) Median household $$36,957$32,711 Live in poverty15%27% Own-vs-rent53% / 47%

Human capital theory: strong support Measurement VioletvilleIrvington % Employed % Unemployed % Poverty Employment Violetville increased over both decades Irvington increased during the 90’s, decreased in the last decade Civilian labor force participation remained stable Poverty Violetville has approximately 40% less residents living in poverty Increase in both sites during the last decade may be due to the Great Recession

Employment: percent change

Weak support Human capital theory: weak support Measurement VioletvilleIrvington % Bachelor’s degree or higher % High-school drop-out Bachelor’s degree or higher Violetville increased over both decades Irvington decreased during the 90’s, increased in the last decade High school drop out Contrary to expectation, Violetville has a higher prevalence Violetville declined in both decades, Irvington significantly in the last decade

Educational attainment: percent change

Amenities theory: strong support Measurement VioletvilleIrvington Median sales price ($)111,53585,951127,50071,46563,76856,500 % Vacancy Median sales price xxxxx Xxxxxx Vacancy xxx xxxx

Median sales price: the recession

Amenities theory: mixed support Crime Crime declined in study sites and city as a whole Violetville has less overall crime than Irvington

Mixed support: school quality School quality Contrary to expectation, study sites perform well in relation to the city and state Irvington improved significantly during 2000’s to be on par with Violetville

Observations and interviews - City planner - Irvington Community Association - Local priest and activist - Local principal - New homeowners in Violetville

Decline vs. stability Decline of Irvington Decline of the Catholic church since 1980’s From “community parish” to “commuter parish” Loss of quality amenities Perceived increase in crime and influx of “street drugs” Unemployment Stability of Violetville Relatively “isolated” from Irvington (cemetery and highways) Proximity of St. Agnes Hospital (anchor institution) Proximity to Arbutus and affordable “county-like” living

Summary: human capital theory MeasureSupport from study sites Bachelor’s degree of higher Strong High-school drop-outMixed Per capita incomeStrong EmploymentStrong UnemploymentStrong Own vs. rentWeak People living in povertyStrong

Summary: amenities theory MeasureSupport from study sites Median sales price Strong Rent valueWeak Vacant housingStrong AbandonmentStrong ForeclosureMixed CrimeMixed School qualityWeak

Synopsis of key findings Theories of growth A balance of strong and mixed support for the human capital and amenities theories Violetville A stable, quiet middle-class neighborhood with low poverty, high employment, good property values and low vacant housing and abandonment Irvington A moderately declining lower-middle class neighborhood currently struggling with high poverty, unemployment and vacant housing